Thermogravimetric analysis experiment to understand thermal decomposition behavior of water hyacinth during the pyrolysis has been performed. Water hyacinth was taken randomly from 2 places, i.e., Selorejo and Sengguruh Dam, district of Malang, Indonesia. Those raw materials were thoroughly cleaned by using the water, then cut and dried in an oven with a temperature range of 80-90 o C for 6 hours. Subsequently, the dried samples were crushed and then filtered to a mesh size of 60. Thermal behavior of the sample was observed through the instrumentality of thermal analyzer at a constant heating rate of 10 °C/min with a nitrogen flow rate of 100 ml/min and a temperature range of 25-1000 °C. The kinetics of active pyrolysis zone were evaluated by Coats-Redfern integral method. The thermogravimetric test results show that the water hyacinth biomass decomposed into four stages during the pyrolysis process. The kinetic parameters in term of activation energy (E), logarithmic frequency factor (log A) and reaction order (n) were 60.74 kJ/mol, 4.77/min and 1.9, respectively.
The catalytic effect of TiO2 during the pyrolysis of Tetraselmis chuii (T.chuii) microalgae was studied using a thermal analyzer. Pyrolysis experiment was occupied on the sample that was a mixture of 10 mg microalgae and 5% TiO2 and the result was compared with microalgae and microalgae with 3% TiO2. The presence of 5% TiO2 into the microalgae affected decreasing the initial and final temperatures of degradation by approximately 17 °C (at Stage 2) and 35 °C (at Stage 3) respectively. The activation energy that was evaluated using the Coats-Redfern method for Stage 2 indicated the decreasing value of around 18.39 kJ/mol and increases in Stage 3 by 3.27 kJ/mol. The overall results indicated that addition of TiO2 has significantly influenced the conversion process of T. chuii microalgae.
The investigation of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the thermal characteristic of Tetraselmis chuii (T.Chuii) microalgae during combustion process has been carried out through a thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer. T.Chuii microalgae samples were cultured within 8 days at BBPBAP Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia. The microalgae sediment was dried at 80°C for 24 hours then was powdered by means of a mortar. Thereafter, the dried powder of microalgae was filtered with a size of 60 mesh. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were used as catalysts with the particle size of < 25 nm; these were obtained from Singapore’s Sigma Aldrich. Amount of 0.03 mg of TiO2 and 10 mg of T.Chuii microalgae were mixed mechanically using a mortar to guarantee the homogeneous blend, and then this sample was heated up in the oven for 14 hours at 80°C. The TG experiment was performed at a temperature range 25 to 900°C with atmospheric air at a flow rate of 50 mL/min and a heating rate of 15 °C/min. Differential method of Arrhenius is applied to evaluate kinetic parameters, including reaction order (n), activation energy (Ea), and pre-exponential factor (log A) that were 0.9; 74,191 kJ/mol and 6.38 min-1 for the stage II and 0.87; 118.47 kJ/mol and 7.29 min-1 for stage V.
This study aims to analyze the thermal characteristics of Tetraselmis chuii (T.Chuii) microalgae in the presence of TiO2 (Titanium dioxide). The experiment was carried out on thermal analyzer equipment under inert condition. The blended sample has a mass ratio of microalgae and TiO2 that was 10:0.03 (wt%). The results of the thermal analysis show that the addition of TiO2 can change the temperature characteristics during the reaction process. The Coats-Redfern method is applied to calculate activation energy (Ea) resulted in the value of the blended fuel in the second stage that was 56.9 kJ/mol lower than that of pure microalgae that was 70.68 kJ/mol and conversely in the third stage the value of activation energy for blended fuel was 264.57 kJ/mol higher than pure microalgae that was 223.25 kJ/mol. Overall results pointed out that TiO2 had a significant impact on the thermal characteristic of Tetraselmis chuii during the pyrolysis process.
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