This article examines the involvement of citizens in the process of making technological decisions aimed at developing a smart environment, from smart home to urban infrastructure. The study is based on an approach that takes into account the dual behavior of the consumer of smart services - passive and active behavior. Highlighted the contradictions that create obstacles to the effective functioning of the smart city: the selective multidirectionality of the smart city development strategy and sustainable development goals; developing smart solutions for citizens without taking into account their opinions; polar approach of smart city residents to involvement in the development and implementation of smart solutions. The risks associated with the likelihood of incomplete return from the use of smart solutions are identified: consumer distrust of data security and privacy; insufficient literacy of residents regarding understanding of smart technology management processes; significant financial costs and the orientation of smart solutions to wealthy citizens; lack of sufficient evidence of the effectiveness of using a number of smart solutions; the difficulty of implementing an integrated approach to ensuring the growth of the quality of life of citizens. In accordance with the concept of the study, two directions for mitigating or eliminating risks are proposed - depending on the significant or insignificant involvement of citizens. Specific measures have been developed to help mitigate and eliminate risks. The experience of the creation of the People’s Institute of the Voronezh State Technical University was used.
The concept of a smart city is based on the improvement of the quality of human life in a comfortable environment. Depending on specific goals, priority is given to certain environmental factors. Among the most important factors, the analysis allows highlighting social inequality, ecology, sustainability, the use of local conditions, resource optimization, and benefits for citizens. The creation of infrastructure that ensures and supports the development of cities is largely determined by the state of the construction sector. In the field of construction, we are talking about the choice of socio-technological aspects of the production of materials that correspond to the concept of a smart city. Therefore, the choice of building material is determined by the social significance of its availability, environmental friendliness, technological feasibility from the standpoint of durability, the possibility of using local raw materials, and the possibility of involving technogenic materials. Based on the SWOT analysis method, ceramic tiles have strong technological aspects. The article presents the results of optimization of the raw material composition of ceramic tiles, which includes anthropogenic material - cullet and local raw material - chalk, and technological parameters (pressing pressure and firing temperature). As a result of the work, the rational content of the studied floodplains (cullet and chalk) in the raw material mixture was determined - 17-25% for the production of facing ceramic tiles. It is established that press pressure is a factor in the formation of a structure that allows reducing the temperature of roasting ceramic tiles.
The article discusses the prospects of energy saving in a ‘smart home’, taking into account the characteristics of consumer behavior. It is shown that the technical characteristics of the building in conditions of insufficient consumer awareness (passive approach to energy conservation) are preferable to the characteristics associated with intelligent solutions (active approach). It was revealed that special attention is paid to assessing the possibility of reducing the energy loss of a building by wall enclosures. In this regard, the effectiveness of the use of popular wall structural and heat-insulating materials, which reduce energy and material consumption in their production, is analyzed. The rationality of the production of porous ceramic products by the method of introducing into the mixture of mineral pore-forming additives with plastic molding is proved. A composition of porous ceramic material has been developed using local raw materials to create wall structural and heat-insulating products that meet the requirements of energy conservation.
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