Supramolecular polymers are reversible one-dimensional assemblies that are formed by dynamic noncovalent intermolecular interactions.[1] With the exception of biological systems, such self-assemblies are mostly formed in organic and nonpolar solvents and rely on hydrogen-bonding or metal-ligand interactions. Interesting material properties have been demonstrated in the case of specific monomers, such as ureidopyrimidones [2] and bisureas, [3] which can selforganize in very long chains. These materials combine the properties of conventional polymers with reversibility and responsiveness. It is a challenging objective to expand this innovative theme to aqueous media. The main drawback of relying on hydrogen bonds is their limited strength in polar solvents, particularly in water; therefore, other noncovalent interactions should be considered for aqueous media. So far, only a few synthetic supramolecular polymers have been prepared in water, and most have relied on aromatic and/or hydrophobic interactions. [4][5][6][7] Moreover, their syntheses are not well-suited for large-scale preparation and their properties as materials (such as rheology) have never been reported. We thus designed amphiphilic perylene derivative 1 which contains a large hydrophobic aromatic core surrounded by four hydrophilic arms and which can be prepared on a large scale by an easy synthetic route with facile purification (Scheme 1). Such a design should provide a one-dimensional assembly in water through intermolecular p-stacking and/or hydrophobic interactions. The four hydrophilic arms are expected to hinder the possible aggregation of such assemblies and to ensure their water solubility. Herein, we detail the synthesis and the characterization of the supramolecular polymer formed by the association of monomer 1 in water.

Among physicians ordering VS, the test significantly influenced treatment recommendations for patients with NSCLC, reducing ineffective and expensive treatment at the end of life.

Objective: To summarize the breadth of data exploring the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and both the incidence and the disease course of a range of comorbidities. Data Sources: The authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and several prespecified congresses. Searches included terms related to MDD and several comorbidity categories, restricted to those published in the English language from 2005 onward. Study Selection: Eligibility criteria included observational studies within North America and Europe that examined the covariate-adjusted impact of MDD on the risk and/or severity of comorbidities. A total of 6,811 articles were initially identified for screening. Data Extraction: Two investigators extracted data and assessed study quality. Results: In total, 199 articles were included. Depression was significantly (P < .05) associated with an increased incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease as well as cognitive decline in individuals with existing disease; increased incidence and worsening of cardiovascular disease/events (although mixed results were found for stroke); worsening of metabolic syndrome; increased incidence of diabetes, particularly among men, and worsening of existing diabetes; increased incidence of obesity, particularly among women; increased incidence and worsening of certain autoimmune diseases; increased incidence and severity of HIV/AIDS; and increased incidence of drug abuse and severity of both alcohol and drug abuse. Conclusions: The presence of MDD was identified as a risk factor for both the development and the worsening of a range of comorbidities. These results highlight the importance of addressing depression early in its course and the need for integrating mental and general health care.

Background Depression (major depressive disorder [MDD]) affects the functioning of patients in many facets of life. Very few large-scale studies to date have compared health and economic related outcomes of those with versus without depression, and across various depression severity groups. We aimed to evaluate humanistic and economic burden in respondents with and without depression diagnosis, and across symptom severity groups. Methods Data from the 2017 US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) were utilized. Of the adult respondents (N = 75,004), 59,786 were < 65 years old. Respondents not meeting eligibility criteria were excluded (e.g., those self-reporting bipolar disorder or experiencing depression in past 12 months but no depression diagnosis). Overall, data from 39,331 eligible respondents (aged 18–64 years) were analyzed; and comprised respondents ‘with depression diagnosis’ (n = 8853; self-reporting physician diagnosis of depression and experiencing depression in past 12 months) and respondents ‘without depression diagnosis’ (n = 30,478; no self-reported physician diagnosis of depression and not experiencing depression). Respondents with depression were further examined across depression severity based on Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Outcome measures included health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL; Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form [SF-36v2]: mental and physical component summary [MCS and PCS]; Short-Form 6 Dimensions [SF-6D]; and EuroQol 5 Dimensions [EQ-5D]), work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI), and health resource utilization (HRU). Multivariate analysis was performed to examine group differences after adjusting covariates. Results Respondents with depression diagnosis reported significantly higher rates of diagnosed anxiety and sleep problems versus those without depression (for both; P < 0.001). Adjusted MCS, PCS, SF-6D, and EQ-5D scores were significantly lower in respondents with depression versus those without depression (all P < 0.001). Consistently, respondents with depression reported higher absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall WPAI, as well as greater number of provider visits, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations compared with those without depression (all P < 0.001). Further, burden of each outcome increased with an increase in disease severity. Conclusions Diagnosed depression was associated with lower health-related quality-of-life and work productivity, and higher healthcare utilization than those without depression, and burden increased with an increase in symptom severity. The results show the burden of depression remains high even among those experiencing minimal symptoms.

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