Objective:
To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in healthy, nulliparous women classified with stage 1 hypertension under the revised American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association Guidelines (AHA) and to evaluate the effects of low-dose aspirin on maternal and neonatal outcomes in this population.
Methods:
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia in nulliparous, low-risk women recruited between 13 and 25 weeks of gestation. Of the 3,134 nulliparous women enrolled in the original study, 2,947 women with singleton pregnancies and without missing data were included in this analysis. Blood pressure was measured at enrollment between 13 and 25 weeks of gestation and outcomes were adjudicated from the medical record.
Results:
One hundred sixty-four participants were identified with lower range stage 1 hypertension (5.6%), systolic blood pressure 130–135 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure 80–85mmHg, by the new ACC–AHA guidelines. Within the placebo group (n=1482), women with stage 1 hypertension had a significantly increased incidence of preeclampsia compared to normotensive women, 15.3% (15/98) versus 5.4% (75/1384), RR 2.66; 95%CI 1.56–4.54, p<0.001. Moreover, stage 1 hypertension women had increased incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM) (6.1% vs. 2.5%, p=0.03) and more indicated preterm deliveries (4.2% vs. 1.1%, p=0.01). Comparing stage 1 hypertensive women and normotensive women receiving low-dose aspirin during pregnancy (n=1465), no differences in rates of preeclampsia (7.6% vs. 4.4% respectively, p=0.2), GDM, or indicated preterm deliveries were observed. Rates of placenta abruption, SGA, and spontaneous preterm birth did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusions:
Application of the new ACC–AHA guidelines in a pregnant population identifies a cohort of women who are at increased risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and preterm birth.
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