The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

ResumoLeguminosae é uma das famílias de maior riqueza específica nas restingas do Espírito Santo e Caesalpinioideae a segunda maior subfamília. O Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (PEPCV) representa um dos remanescentes de restinga mais preservados do estado e uma das áreas protegidas mais bem estudadas, porém estudos taxonômicos ainda são escassos. Este estudo consiste no levantamento florístico-taxonômico de Caesalpinioideae do PEPCV. Foram realizadas coletas quinzenais entre agosto/2008 a junho/2009 para obtenção de materiais férteis. Caesalpinioideae está representada por 13 táxons, reunidos em três gêneros: Chamaecrista, Hymenaea e Senna. O gênero mais representativo em número de espécies foi Chamaecrista. Três táxons são novas citações para o estado do Espírito Santo. Foram elaboradas chave de identificação dos táxons, descrições, ilustrações, comentários sobre a morfologia e a fenologia, bem como a distribuição geográfica das mesmas. Palavras-chave: Espírito Santo, flora, Leguminosae, restinga, taxonomia. AbstractLeguminosae is one of the richest families in the restingas (sandy coastal plains) of Espirito Santo and Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily. The "Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha" (PEPCV) is one of the best preserved remnants of restinga in the state and one of the best studied protected areas, but taxonomic studies are still scarce. This study is a taxonomic-floristic survey of the Caesalpinioideae of PEPCV. Collections of fertile material were carried out every two weeks, between August 2008 and June 2009. Caesalpinioideae is represented by 13 taxa grouped into three genera: Chamaecrista, Hymenaea and Senna. Chamaecrista was the most representative genus, with the largest number of species. Three taxa were recorded for the first time in the state of Espirito Santo. This study presents a key to identification of taxa, descriptions, illustrations, comments on morphology and phenology, as well as their geographic distribution.

ResumoIngeae é uma importante tribo da família Leguminosae com cerca de 950 espécies em 36 gêneros, dos quais 24 são endêmicos do Novo Mundo. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo florístico de 16 espécies de Ingeae, reunidas em sete gêneros: Abarema (seis spp.), Albizia (duas spp.), Calliandra (duas spp.), Chloroleucon (duas spp.), Enterolobium (duas spp.), Leucochloron (uma sp.) e Zygia (uma sp.) ocorrentes no Espírito Santo. O gênero Inga, devido ao grande número de espécies, será publicado posteriormente. Dentre as espécies estudadas, 14 (88%) são endêmicas do Brasil, sendo uma, Abarema barnebyana, restrita ao Espírito Santo e sete (44%) restritas ao bioma Floresta Atlântica. No estado, 14 espécies ocorrem em Floresta Ombrófila Densa. Na Restinga, são encontradas oito espécies e na Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, sete espécies. São apresentadas chaves para identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos, períodos de floração e frutificação, distribuição geográfica e habitats preferenciais. Palavras-chave: clado Mimosoide, Fabaceae, Floresta Atlântica. AbstractIngeae is an important tribe of Leguminosae with 950 species in 36 genera, 24 endemic to the New World. This manuscript is the florist treatment of 16 species of Ingeae, organized in seven genera: Abarema (six spp.), Albizia (two spp.), Calliandra (two spp.), Chloroleucon (two spp.), Enterolobium (two spp.), Leucochloron (one sp.) e Zygia (one sp.) in the state of Espírito Santo. The genus Inga will be discussed in a forthcoming manuscript, due to its number of species. Among the recorded species, fourteen (88%) are endemic to Brazil and Abarema barnebyana is restricted to Espírito Santo. Seven species (44%) are restricted to the Atlantic Forest biome. Fourteen species occurs in the Dense Rain Forest, eight species are found in the Restinga, and seven species in the Seasonal Semidecidual Forest. Identifications keys, descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic comments, flowering and fruiting periods, geographic distribution, and habitats are provided.

Inga (Fabaceae, mimosoid clade) is an important genus in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil where there are 44 species, 60% of which are endemic. In this work, we describe two new species of Inga (I. teresensis and I. tripa) from the Atlantic Forest and provide identification keys to the species of sections Vulpinae and Leptinga in the biome. Illustrations and comments about the geographic distribution, conservation status, phenology, etymology, and taxonomy of the new species are also included. Inga teresensis is only known from the state of Espírito Santo and is categorized as Critically Endangered (CR). Inga tripa occurs in coastal areas of the states of Bahia, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Sergipe and is categorized as Learn Concern (LC).