Background With a worldwide occurrence, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease that is difficult to control, mainly due to the lack of a diagnostic testing to detect infected animals at all stages. Furthermore, the current standard diagnostic test, the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), is logistically difficult and time consuming. To address this challenge, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) comparing with the TST used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Brazil. The study included 400 Nelore females raised for beef on five farms, in different municipalities in Brazil. The comparative cervical test (CCT) was done and on the day of inoculation of the Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) blood samples were obtained and stored for further analysis of the ELISA IDEXX™ Mycobacterium bovis immunoassay. Results Lack of agreement between CCT and ELISA IDEXX™ was observed. No diagnosis described as positive reactor on the CCT was positive at the ELISA, indicating two false positive reactors and 22 negative reactors by CCT were positive by the ELISA IDEXX™. The ELISA IDEXX™ showed sensitivity significantly higher than the official CCT and no significant differences in specificity was observed. ELISA also detected infected animals and herds undetected by the CCT. The parallel use of CCT and ELISA increased sensitivity and the feasibility bTB screening, thus improving the cleaning of the herds. Conclusions The results obtained here suggest that the ELISA IDEXX™ may be a supplemental test for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in regions without routine testing and slaughter, where the disease generally progresses to more advanced stages and antibody responses are likely to be more prevalent. The results provided evidence to support the validation of the ELISA IDEXX™ as a supplemental test for bTB eradication programs.
Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is a worldwide disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The success of bTB eradication and control programs is based on early detection and the removal of reactors from a herd thus routine testing and cull strategy have been applied globally. Since the late nineteenth century, the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) has been the primary antemortem test available to support bTB eradication campaigns. Due to the TST limitations in terms of Se and Sp, the credibility of the diagnosis is frequently questioned given the occurrence of false-positive and false-negative reactions, therefore, it is necessary to confirm reactive animals using other methods, ensuring the reliability of the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) relative to the tuberculin test used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle in Brazil. Results Lack of agreement between comparative cervical tuberculin test and ELISA IDEXX TM was observed. The 2 animals positive on the comparative cervical tuberculin test did not react at the ELISA IDEXX TM and 22 negative reactors by comparative cervical tuberculin test were positive by the ELISA IDEXX TM. The ELISA IDEXX TM showed sensitivity that is significantly lower than the official screening test the single cervical tuberculin. ELISA IDEXX TM also detected infected animals and herds undetected by the comparative cervical tuberculin test. The parallel use of comparative cervical tuberculin test and ELISA IDEXX TM increased sensitivity and the feasibility bTB screening. Conclusions The results obtained here suggest that the ELISA IDEXX TM may be a supplemental test for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in regions without routine testing and slaughter, where the disease generally progresses to more advanced stages and antibody responses are likely to be more prevalent. Evidence to support the validation of the ELISA IDEXX™ as a supplemental test for bTB eradication programs was provided.
Introduction: Congenital Syphilis (CS) is a systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium spirochete Treponema pallidum, of vertical transmission, trans placentally, resulting from the non-treatment or inadequate treatment of infected mothers, thus determining alarming numbers in the national territory, as in Belém City (Pará State). Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile and incidence rate of CS in Belém, Pará. Methods: Quantitative, ecological, and descriptive study, conducted based on data available on DATASUS/TABNET from 2009 to 2018. Results: A total of 1,109 cases of CS were reported in Belém City. The mean incidence rate in this period was 5.4/1000 live births. As for newborns, 1,031 (92.97%) were diagnosed in the first week of life, 499 (45.00%) were male, 742 (66.91%) were pardo, and 860 (77.55%) classified as CS. Regarding maternal characteristics, the age group was inadequately filled in 100% of notifications, 476 (42.92%) had their level of education ignored at the time of filling out the forms, 768 (69.25%) underwent prenatal care, 490 (44.19%) were diagnosed with congenital syphilis at the time of delivery/curettage, and 636 (53.35%) reported no partner treatment. Conclusion: The profile studied showed an incidence rate above the parameters established for control, reflecting the increase in social inequalities, the lack of information about the disease, failure to register health organs, especially on the maternal age analyzed, low prevalence in the appropriate treatment of pregnant women’s partners, resonating the need for improvements in the notification system.
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