Two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) has proven to be efficient for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in small to moderate‐sized clinical trials. We aimed at running a larger‐scale meta‐analysis of individual data. Centers which have worked with Aixplorer ultrasound equipment were contacted to share their data. Retrospective statistical analysis used direct and paired receiver operating characteristic and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analyses, accounting for random effects. Data on both 2D‐SWE and liver biopsy were available for 1,134 patients from 13 sites, as well as on successful transient elastography in 665 patients. Most patients had chronic hepatitis C (n = 379), hepatitis B (n = 400), or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 156). AUROCs of 2D‐SWE in patients with hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were 86.3%, 90.6%, and 85.5% for diagnosing significant fibrosis and 92.9%, 95.5%, and 91.7% for diagnosing cirrhosis, respectively. The AUROC of 2D‐SWE was 0.022‐0.084 (95% confidence interval) larger than the AUROC of transient elastography for diagnosing significant fibrosis (P = 0.001) and 0.003‐0.034 for diagnosing cirrhosis (P = 0.022) in all patients. This difference was strongest in hepatitis B patients. Conclusion: 2D‐SWE has good to excellent performance for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B; further prospective studies are needed for head‐to‐head comparison between 2D‐SWE and other imaging modalities to establish disease‐specific appropriate cutoff points for assessment of fibrosis stage. (Hepatology 2018;67:260‐272).

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Firstly to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of three-dimensional (3 D) shear wave elastography (SWE) volume measurements in patients with breast lesions compared to breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) lesion volumes and 3D-US B-mode volumes. Secondly to assess the treatment monitoring performance of 3D-SWE in patients under neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer by comparing it to 3D-US lesion volume. This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board. Informed consent was provided. 33 patients with 33 lesions were included. The feasibility of 3D-SWE was evaluated in 23 patients. In the 10 remaining patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 3D-SWE was evaluated before and during treatment. Tumor volume and qualitative and quantitative elasticity analysis measurements were performed and compared to the tumor volume as estimated by 3D-US and DCE-MRI. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. 3D-SWE was feasible in patients with breast lesions. Tumor volume calculated with 3D-US and 3D-SWE showed very good and moderate concordances with DCE-MRI volume, respectively (Pearson correlation coefficients equal to ρ = r = 0.88, p < 0.00 002 and ρ = r = 0.5, p = 0.32, respectively). Modification of tumor elasticity and heterogeneity was correlated with response to treatment. In good responders, elasticity and elasticity heterogeneity diminished. Tumor 3D-US volume measurements showed very good concordance with DCE-MRI volume. 3D-SWE can provide valuable information: reduction of tissue stiffness during treatment could be a potential indicator of response. These preliminary results should be confirmed on a larger number of patients.

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