Objetivo: Analisar os traçados do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico com o uso dos estímulos clique e o Ichirp em adultos com audição normal. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de caráter analítico, quantitativo. Foram analisados exames de Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico de 11 adultos ouvintes (2 orelhas), na faixa etária entre 20 e 25 anos, sem alterações auditivas. Esses sujeitos realizaram o registro do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico com estímulo clique e Ichirp. O registro das latências e amplitudes da onda V foi realizado por meio do equipamento Intelligent HearingSystem – IHS, nas intensidades: 80, 60, 40 e 20 dB. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto às amplitudes da onda V, quando comparado os registros do Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico estímulo clique e do Ichirp, nas intensidades de 80 dB (p= 0.11), 60 dB (p=0.14), 40 dB (p=0.96) e 20 dB (p=0.21). Em relação às latências da onda V, foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significantes entre os estímulos Ichirp e clique, nas seguintes intensidades: 60 dB (p=0,003) e 40 dB (p=0,016). Conclusão: Foram observadas latências maiores para o Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico com o estímulo Ichirp; contudo ausência de diferença entre as amplitudes. Houve maior facilidade na marcação da onda V com o estímulo Ichirp.
SARS-CoV-2, the novel Coronavirus, was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and has since spread rapidly, causing millions of deaths worldwide. As in most countries of the world, in Brazil, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have been catastrophic. The increasing of deaths and the decrease of available beds in the hospitals, especially in 2021, have disturbed the health authorities. Several studies have reported the fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers from infected symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can be used to track the virus spread in a population via Wastewater-based Epidemiology (WBE). In this study, samples of untreated wastewater were collected weekly between June 9th, 2020 and March 17th, 2021 (41 weeks) at five sampling sites in the ABC Region, São Paulo, Brazil. This long-term monitoring was performed to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in the sewerage system. SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers were detected throughout the period. The viral RNA concentration ranged from 2.7 to 7.1 log10 genome copies.L− 1, with peaks in the last weeks of monitoring. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between the viral load in wastewater samples and the epidemiological/clinical data, with the former preceding the latter by approximately two weeks. The COVID-19 prevalence for each sampling site was estimated using the viral load observed in wastewater and other parameters, via Monte-Carlo simulation. The mean predicted prevalence ranged 0.05 to 0.38%, slightly higher than reported (0.016 ± 0.005%) in the ABC Region for the same period. These results highlight the viability of the WBE approach for COVID-19 infection monitoring in the largest urban agglomeration in South America. Environmental surveillance can be especially useful for health agencies and public decision-makers in predicting SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, as well as in local tracing of infection clusters.
SARS-COV-2 VIRAL LOAD IN GOIÂNIA WASTEWATER: WASTEWATER-BASED EPIDEMIOLOGY FOR A COVID-19 EARLY WARNING SYSTEM. COVID-19 is currently the most critical disease in the world. Thus, several tools have been used in the last two years to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In this perspective, Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) provides valuable data by including symptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals and anticipating clinical cases. For 37 weeks, the SARS-CoV-2 viral load was monitored in sanitary sewage samples from Goiânia-Brazil. Through pre-concentration, extraction, and purification of viral RNA, followed by RT-qPCR, it was detected in 83.78% (31/37) of the weeks the presence of fragments of the genetic material SARS-CoV-2 with viral loads ranging from 105 to 108 genome copies L-1. The viral load in the wastewater samples was related to the clinical data of the municipality, demonstrating its ability to promote an Early Warning System (EWS). In early 2022, it was possible to predict the increase in clinical cases 3 weeks in advance and issue an alert note to the health authorities. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.003 to 0.5% and showed good agreement with observed values. Thus, monitoring effluents become another essential tool that can help combat the pandemic’s advance, especially in countries with scarce resources.
Objective: To analyze the behavior of people with dizziness when faced with the easing of the COVID-19 social distancing rules, immunization and use of vitamin supplementation. Method: A self-perception questionnaire was applied in electronic format, during the period of easing of the COVID-19 social distancing rules, with 19 closed questions. The following aspects were addressed: identification, general health (COVID-19, influenza, immunization and comorbidities), time of onset of dizziness, means of protection against COVID-19, vitamin supplementation, homemade recipes and use of teas. Results: 667 Brazilians were interviewed, all eligible to participate in the research. Of these, 261 (39.1%) self-reported the presence of dizziness, with a mean age of 37.91 years, with a prevalence of females. The use of masks and hand hygiene were protective measures that continued to be adopted during the easing of the COVID-19 social distancing rules, with 89.2% reporting, even after having been immunized, that they were afraid of contracting SARS COV -two. It was observed that 11.1% triggered dizziness after a positive test for COVID-19; in addition, 32.2% consulted a nutritionist to start the supplementation process (p=0.005), 65.1% used vitamin supplements (p=0.001) and 19.8% reported having used homemade recipes such as Espinheira Santa Tea and Chamomile, Ginko Biloba in order to minimize dizziness. Conclusion: Participants with dizziness were diagnosed with a vestibular disorder by a specialist, since there was a positive relationship with dizziness in the post-COVID-19 period. In order to reduce vestibular symptoms, the interviewees consulted a nutritionist to start vitamin supplementation and used vitamin complexes from A to Z, among others such as zinc, vitamin B12 and homemade teas. Even after the COVID-19 immunization, the participants continued to follow the guidelines for hand hygiene and the use of protective masks.
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