In this study, we examine the hypothesis of a forest transition in an area of early expansion of the agricultural frontier over the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the south-central part of the State of São Paulo. Large scale land use/cover changes were assessed by integrating Landsat imagery, census data, and landscape metrics. Two Landsat multi-temporal datasets were assembled for two consecutive periods-1995-2006 and 2006-2013-to assess changes in forest cover according to four classes: (i) transition from non-forest cover to planted forest (NF-PF); (ii) transition from non-forest to secondary (successional) forest (NF-SF); (iii) conservation of planted forest (PF) and (iv) conservation of forest remnants (REM). Data from the two most recent, 1995/96 and 2006 agricultural censuses were analyzed to single out major changes in agricultural production. The total area of forest cover, including primary, secondary, and planted forest, increased 30% from 1995 to 2013, whereas forest planted in non-forest areas (NF-PF) and conservation of planted forest (PF) accounted for 14.1% and 19.6%, respectively, of the total forest area by 2013. Such results showed a relatively important forest transition that would be explained mostly by forest plantations though. Analysis of the landscape metrics indicated an increase in connectivity among forest fragments during the period of study, and revealed that nearly half of the forest fragments were located within 50 m from riverbeds, possibly suggesting some level of compliance with environmental laws. Census data showed an increase in both the area and productivity of sugarcane plantations, while pasture and citrus area decreased by a relatively important level, suggesting that sugarcane production has expanded at the expense of these land uses. Both satellite and census data helped to delineate the establishment of two major production systems, the first one dominated by sugarcane plantations approximately located in the NE part of the study area, and a second one concentrating most of the forest plantations in the SW portion of the study area, where most of the forest transition could be observed.
O clima urbano vem sendo abordado por muitos pesquisadores, os quais geralmente discorrem sobre o impacto do crescimento das cidades na qualidade do ar, no campo higrotérmico e também sobre os impactos na qualidade de vida das pessoas que nela habitam. Neste sentido, estudar o clima urbano de Sorocaba, uma cidade media do interior paulista que vem crescendo muito, pode contribuir para o conhecimento climático da região face às mudanças climáticas e ambientais. O objetivo do artigo é fazer uma análise comparativa da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar na zona rural e urbana e identificar a formação da ilha de calor urbana no município de Sorocaba-SP. Foram coletados dados de temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar, utilizando datalloger Hobo U10, de 1h em 1h, 24h por dia, no período de 04 de julho de 2012 a 02 de julho de 2013 em dois pontos: um no centro urbano de Sorocaba e outro no entorno rural. O comportamento anual das temperaturas do ar e umidade relativa do ar seguiu o padrão do tipo climático da região de Sorocaba. As temperaturas mínimas da área urbana são mais elevadas e umidade relativa do ar são mais baixas do que aquelas da área rural. Os resultados apontam para a existência da ilha de calor na região central da cidade; indicando que a crescente urbanização, o aumento da população e o crescimento industrial de Sorocaba já impõem uma alteração na atmosfera urbana local e que, a dinâmica, os fluxos e os ritmos urbanos influenciam a formação da ilha de calor.
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