In this report I will describe the latest results of the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments in the fields of production, spectroscopy, and properties of heavy hadrons. In particular, I will concentrate on measurements of quarkonium production cross sections, polarization, and mass, on measurements of production cross sections and lifetimes of open heavy flavors, on the recent observations of new states and decay modes, and on other searches for new and exotic hadrons.

Latest results on the heavy flavour production and spectroscopy at the LHC are reviewed. These include measurements of production rates of the charmed and beauty hadrons, and observations of new excited charmed and beauty hadrons and exotic states.

The conventional description of heavy-flavour hadron production in pp collisions is based on a factorisation approach, assuming universal fragmentation functions among collision systems. Recent results on heavy-flavour baryon measurements from the LHC experiments show tensions with model calculations based on this approach and employing fragmentation functions constrained from e + e − and e − p collision experiments. In this contribution, the most recent results from ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb experiments on the heavy-flavour hadron production in pp collisions at the TeV scale are reported. The comparison with the theoretical predictions that address the baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions at the LHC is also discussed.

The LHC is a unique laboratory to perform studies of diffractive processes, photon-induced reactions and multi-parton interactions and explore various aspects of non-perturbative QCD such as Pomeron structure, low-x evolution of parton density functions and the dynamics of hadron collisions at non-perturbative scales. Recent results on these subjects from the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb and TOTEM collaborations at the LHC are reviewed.

An overview of recent measurements by the LHC experiments in the quarkonia sector is presented in this proceedings. Selected results on differential production cross-section, P-wave charmonia polarization and associated quarkonia production are discussed.

Measurements of quarkonium production are valuable probes of the hot and dense medium created in heavy-ion collisions. The large data sample collected at the LHC provides a wealth of quarkonium measurements including a multitude of new observables. We report on the latest measurements of quarkonium production at the LHC focusing on new observables.

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Recent results of the heavy flavors and jet production in proton-proton collisions using the data collected by the ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider are presented. These measurements are crucial for precise tests of electroweak and next-to-leadingorder pQCD calculations, improving the understanding of the proton structure. The measured results are compared with theoretical predictions from several Monte Carlo event generators using different parton shower simulations which provide valuable inputs for tuning of Monte Carlo event generators.