2.

Within the limitations of the current study, radiographic and clinical findings revealed that TheraCal exhibited a comparable outcome to MTA in DPC of primary molars after 12 months.

Aim: The present study evaluated the effect of listening to a pictorial story about going to the dentist on pain perception, situational anxiety and behavioral feedback during dental treatment in pediatric dental patients. Study design: Eighty, 6-7-year-old children were included. The childhood anxiety-related disorders using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) Parent Version scale and intelligence quotient using Raven's Progressive Matrices were evaluated. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, listening to a pictorial story about going to a dentist (test), or listening to a pictorial story about going to a barbershop (control). A dental treatment was performed on each subject, during which, behavior was assessed using Sound, Eye, and Motor Scale. Pain perception and situational anxiety were then assessed using Wong-Baker Fasces Pain Rating Scale and Faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, respectively. Results: There was a significant decrease in pain perception (P=0.02) and situational anxiety (P<0.001) in the test group. In addition, the test intervention significantly improved children's behavioral feedback during dental treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion: Preparation of children with pictorial story can be effective in decreasing pain perception and situational anxiety as well as improving behavior during dental treatment.

Background:The prevalence of chronic postoperative pain after cardiac surgery has been reported from 17% to 56%.Objectives:We aimed to compare the prevalence of postoperative pain between patients who had undergone CABG using the internal mammary artery (IMA) and those who had undergone other cardiac surgeries including CABG using the saphenous vein or cardiac valvular surgeries.Patients and Methods:In this cohort study, medical records of 188 patients were evaluated and divided into two equal groups (94 in each group); patients who had undergone CABG using the IMA (IMA group) and those who had undergone other cardiac surgeries using the saphenous vein or other cardiac valvular surgeries (non-IMA group). The patients' data were recorded in a self-structured questionnaire and then phone interviews were performed 3 months after the operations regarding the rate of postoperative pain. The severity of chronic pain was rated based on the numerical rating pain scale.Results:The two groups differed significantly regarding the prevalence of pain (P = 0.023). In the IMA group, 83 (88.3%) patients experienced pain lasting for more than three months compared to 71 (75.5%) patients in non-IMA group. The two groups differed significantly with respect to the severity of chronic pain after cardiac surgery via sternotomy (P = 0.001). The groups did not differ significantly regarding the effects of chronic pain on their sleep, referral to a physician, and drug consumption to alleviate their pain. The IMA group experienced more complications at work and during their occupational activity.Conclusions:The rate and severity of chronic pain after cardiac surgery via sternotomy was higher in patients undergoing CABG with separation of IMA for revascularization.

Abstract:In the literature, studies show that nanosilica particles and artificial pozzolans possessing can improve structural properties of cement-based materials. This paper studies the effect of cement and nanosilica on the engineering properties (compaction, unconfined compressive strength) of sand. Three different cement ratios (5, 9, and 14% by weight of dry sand) were mixed with four different nano silica ratios (0, 5, 10, and 15% by weight of cement), and then compacted into a cylindrical specimen. The results of the study presented that the addition of the cement and nanosilica improves the engineering properties of sands. The increase of maximum dry unit weight of sand was noted with the increase in the cement content. The presence of nanosilica in optimal percentages can significantly improve the mechanical properties of cement sand.