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The aim of this study is to carry out an applied research on the relationship and interaction between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors and dimensions in a context of an effective literature study. The application part of the study includes the analyses and testing of the hypotheses which have been formed out of an empirical study on the workers of a textile factory in Osmancık region

Background To date, there is no certain method for diagnosis of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and vaginal atrophy. Aim We aim to evaluate vaginal wall thickness (VWT) using 3D high frequency endovaginal ultrasound (3D EVUS) in GSM and also to investigate whether there is any association between VWT and postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. Methods Postmenopausal women applied for routine gynecologic examination were assessed at the Outpatient Clinic of Gynecology, Maltepe University Hospital. After pelvic examination, GSM symptoms were questioned for all women and vaginal health scoring tool was applied. Twenty women with GSM and 20 women without GSM were included in the study. Outcomes All patients filled in the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and underwent 3D EVUS to evaluate VWT. RESULTS The women with GSM had significantly lower anterior and posterior VWT (P=.007 and P=.049, respectively). The total FSFI score, lubrication and pain sub-scores in patients with GSM was significantly lower than the patients without GSM. Anterior VWT was positively correlated with BMI and pain sub-score of FSFI (r=0.279, P=.047; r=0.344, P=.013, respectively). A significant negative correlation was detected between anterior vaginal VWT and age, time since menopause and satisfaction sub-score of FSFI (r=-0.332, P=.017; r=-0.354, P=.011; r=-0.301, P=.032, respectively). Posterior VWT was positively correlated with FSFI total score, arousal, lubrication and pain sub-scores (r=0.451, P=.001; r=0.437, P=.001; r=0.415, P=.002; r=0.335, P=.016; respectively). Clinical Implications Based on our results, measurement of VWT using 3D EVUS can be a useful non-invasive tool for the objective diagnosis of GSM. Strengths and Limitations Considering that only total vaginal thickness can be measured with traditional transabdominal and transvaginal techniques, the main strength of the study is the use of 3D EVUS for separate measurement of anterior and posterior VWT. The study has sufficient statistical power. The small sample size of study is the main limitation. CONCLUSION The 3D EVUS can be used for objective diagnosis of GSM and can also shed light on the causes of various sexual dysfunction symptoms in postmenopausal women, as it enables measuring the anterior and posterior walls of the vagina separately.

Aim: YouTube is one of the most popular video-sharing platforms and is used by many people as a source of information regarding health conditions. Although there are many studies examining YouTube health-related videos in terms of quality, content and accuracy, there is not any study observing the content of YouTube videos about the "Pap smear test." Therefore, we intended to evaluate YouTube videos related to the Pap smear test. Methods: We made a search by typing "Pap smear test" and observed the first 100 videos. According to our selection criteria, only 42 videos were reviewed. We used 3 different questionnaires to rate the videos. The videos were independently rated by 2 gynecologists in terms of technical aspects, follow-up protocol, and video quality. Results: Our study showed that clarity of the technical aspects of Pap smear testing (Q1) was 40% and that of the follow-up protocol (Q2) was only 11%. In terms of video quality (Q3), the adequacy rate was 34%. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between search rank and the video power index (which increased as the ranking decreased to rank 1, r: −0.481). Conclusion: We did not find quality and reliable information on YouTube videos about the Pap smear test, which is important for early detection of cervical cancers. While preparing health-related videos for YouTube and similar websites, the support of professional healthcare workers will help provide more accurate content.

This research article was produced from the thesis with the heading of "Comparison of efficiency and side effect profile of carbetocin and oxytocin in patients who underwent caesarean section under general anesthesia". ABS TRACT Objective:We aimed to compare the haemodynamic effects of carbetocin and oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean delivery. Material and Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively in a university hospital. Women in the carbetocin group (n=42) and women in the oxytocin group (n=78) were evaluated in terms of changes in hemoglobin level, hematocrit level, uterotonic need, urine output, blood transfusion requirement, hospital stay, postoperative fever and need for peripartum hysterectomy. Results: There was not statistically significant difference between their additional uterotonic need but preoperative and postoperative 24 th hour hemoglobin reduction, calculated estimated blood loss and platelet count diminution percentage were significantly lower in the carbetocin group compared to oxytocin group (p=0.044; p=0.042; p=0.004, respectively). Besides that, the rate of blood loss of ≥500 mL was lower but not significantly different in patients receiving carbetocin compared to those using oxytocin (p=0.059) and the duration to reach 1,500 cc urine output of carbetocin group was significantly lower than the oxytocin group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Carbetocin appears to be more effective in the hemoglobin reduction, platelet reduction and calculated estimated blood loss. In addition, another advantage of carbetocin is that it has lower negative effects on urine output than oxytocin. It is noteworthy that carbetocin administration can prevent postpartum hemorrhage in appropriate cases.

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