Background: Spatial 3-dimensional understanding of the brain is essential to learning neuroanatomy, and 3-dimensional learning techniques have been proposed as tools to enhance neuroanatomy training. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of immersive virtual-reality neuroanatomy training and compare it to traditional paper-based methods. Methods:In this randomized controlled study, participants consisted of first-or second-year medical students from the University of Saskatchewan recruited via email and posters displayed throughout the medical school. Participants were randomly assigned to the virtual-reality group or the paper-based group and studied the spatial relations between neural structures for 12 minutes after performing a neuroanatomy baseline test, with both test and control questions. A postintervention test was administered immediately after the study period and 5-9 days later. Satisfaction measures were obtained. Results:Of the 66 participants randomly assigned to the study groups, 64 were included in the final analysis, 31 in the virtual-reality group and 33 in the paper-based group. The 2 groups performed comparably on the baseline questions and showed significant performance improvement on the test questions following study. There were no significant differences between groups for the control questions, the postintervention test questions or the 7-day postintervention test questions. Satisfaction survey results indicated that neurophobia was decreased. Interpretation:Results from this study provide evidence that training in neuroanatomy in an immersive and interactive virtual-reality environment may be an effective neuroanatomy learning tool that warrants further study. They also suggest that integration of virtualreality into neuroanatomy training may improve knowledge retention, increase study motivation and decrease neurophobia. Abstract Research E104CMAJ OPEN, 6(1)
Family is an instrumental for the development of the nation and culture. Different culture have different perception regarding the importance of the family. There are also difference in types of family, and social scientists measure the characteristics of the family in different cultures. In this paper we tried to explore the importance of family for happy life. In order to test the hypothesis, the chosen research question, data from the German General Social Survey 2014 is used. Based on statistical analysis and their results, both hypothesis are supported. These hypotheses and their results indicates that the people who spend their leisure time with family, they consider and think that family is important. On the other hand, people who are more interested in soaps and sitcoms, they may think that, all problems and issues are part of life but family is still important for them.
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