Studies in recent years have indicated that neuroimmunological events and immune activation may have a place in the etiology of depression. It has been suggested from data that there is a causal relationship between activation of the immune system and excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the etiology of depression. Although the mechanism of action of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is unclear, there is evidence that it can reduce cytokines and immune system changes. In our study, we aimed to determine how levels of serum immunomodulators were affected by ECT in major depression patients. This study was conducted on 50 patients with treatment-resistant major depression. The data of the patients were compared with 30 healthy individuals with similar demographic characteristics. A clinical response occurred in the patients and at the end of therapy, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-4, and interferon-gamma levels were measured. The disease severity was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 15. Significant differences were determined between the patients with major depression and control group with respect to basal serum IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-4, and interferon-gamma levels. ECT treatment was shown to reduce these differences. ECT may cause significant changes in the activity of the immune system. The consideration of the relationship between the immune endocrine neurotransmitter systems could contribute to new theories regarding the mechanism of antidepressant treatment and biology of depression.
ÖZETTravma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) olgularındaki dissosiyatif belirtiler, flaşbekler ve kaçınma belirtileri sıklıkla psikotik belirtiler olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Son dönemdeki yayınlarda, travmaya maruz kalmış ve TSSB tanısı konan kişilerde süreçte ortaya çıkan psikotik belirtilerde özellikle dissosiyasyonun rolü ve ayrımındaki zorluklar üzerinde durulmuştur. TSSB'nun bir alt tipi olarak psikotik belirtilerle giden tipi vurgulanırken bazı olgularda görülen kognitif yıkım hala açıklanabilmiş değildir. Burada savaş travmasına maruz kalmış TSSB tanılı bir olgunun belirti ve bulguları üstünden travma, psikoz ve kognitif yıkım ilişkisi tartışılacaktır Anahtar kelimeler: psikotik özellikler, bilişsel bozukluk, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu SUMMARY Could it be a new subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder which has cognitive impairment and psychotic symptoms ? Case report Most of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patient who demonstrates dissociative sings, flashbacks and avoid signs could be evaluated as a psychotic disorders. In a recent research; person who exposure the traumatic event and diagnosed as a PTSD patient displays some of the psychotic features in the course of the illness. Discrimination between dissociative disorders and psychotic symptoms could be difficult. One of the subtype of the PTSD with psychotic features was mentioned, whereas the reason of the cognitive decline which seen together psychotic feauteres have not still been elicited yet. Here the association between the psychosis, trauma and cognitive impairment will be discussed over a case of PTSD symptoms and signs which have been exposed to combat-trauma.
Background and Aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening condition of the liver, often concurrent with vitamin D deficiency. In this study, we investigated the relationship between HCC patients' vitamin D levels and overall survival.
Materials and Methods:We retrospectively enrolled patients that were being followed on their HCC diagnosis. We collected and examined data on patients' 25-OH vitamin D levels one month before diagnosis or at any point thereafter. We took levels below 10 ng/mL to indicate severe deficiency, levels between 10 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL to indicate moderate deficiency, and levels between 20 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL to indicate mild deficiency. We then analyzed the effects of vitamin D levels on patients' survival for each of these brackets.
Results:We included 85 patients in our survival analyses. We found 9 ng/ mL to be the significant cutoff vitamin D level for survival. Vitamin D levels were lower in cases of advanced disease. Univariate analysis showed that advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) grades, vitamin D levels below 9 ng/mL, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels above 400 ng/dL had a negative significant effect on survival. Multivariate analysis showed that only advanced BCLC grades and AFP levels above 400 ng/dL had a negative significant effect.
Conclusion:In our study's cohort, HCC grades and AFP levels had a substantial negative impact on patients' overall survival. We found no connection, however, between vitamin D levels and overall survival.
Introduction:Because of the different receptor profiles, atypical antipsychotics are known to cause metabolic changes such as increased weight gain, type 2 diabetes and hyperglycemia,.Aim:In this study, we aimed to observe metabolic side effects of drug use of patients receiving antipsychotic medication in first-episode psychotic disorder.Methods:49 male patients who were hospitalized at Gulhane Military Medical Academy Psychiatry Department with a diagnosis of psychotic disorder according to DSM-IV criteria between May 2011–2012 were included in the study. Blood lipid profiles and liver and renal function tests of the patients before treatment and after 8 weeks of treatment were evaluated.Results:Of the patients participating in the study of 16 were using olanzapine, 15 risperidone, 6 quetiapine, 5 aripiprazole and 7 haloperidol. There was no statistically significant difference between patients before and after treatment in terms of blood lipid profile, the liver and kidney functions. There was also no significant difference according to the antipsychotic drug used.Conclusions:In studies with long-term follow-up of 6 months or 1 year or a short-term follow-up as 1 month with atypical antipsychotics these values usually seems to have changed. As a result of 2-month follow-up at our study, patients that were being treated with atypical antipsychotics have not shown any changes in the metabolic values.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.