Summary
SARS Coronavirus‐2 is one of the most widespread viruses globally during the 21st century, whose severity and ability to cause severe pneumonia and death vary. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of all studies that met our standardised criteria and then extracted data on the age, symptoms, and different treatments of Covid‐19 patients and the prognosis of this disease during follow‐up. Cases in this study were divided according to severity and death status and meta‐analysed separately using raw mean and single proportion methods. We included 171 complete studies including 62,909 confirmed cases of Covid‐19, of which 148 studies were meta‐analysed. Symptoms clearly emerged in an escalating manner from mild‐moderate symptoms, pneumonia, severe‐critical to the group of non‐survivors. Hypertension (Pooled proportion (PP): 0.48 [95% Confident interval (CI): 0.35–0.61]), diabetes (PP: 0.23 [95% CI: 0.16–0.33]) and smoking (PP: 0.12 [95% CI: 0.03–0.38]) were highest regarding pre‐infection comorbidities in the non‐survivor group. While acute respiratory distress syndrome (PP: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.29–0.78]), (PP: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.34–0.97]) remained one of the most common complications in the severe and death group respectively. Bilateral ground‐glass opacification (PP: 0.68 [95% CI: 0.59–0.75]) was the most visible radiological image. The mortality rates estimated (PP: 0.11 [95% CI: 0.06–0.19]), (PP: 0.03 [95% CI: 0.01–0.05]), and (PP: 0.01 [95% CI: 0–0.3]) in severe‐critical, pneumonia and mild‐moderate groups respectively. This study can serve as a high evidence guideline for different clinical presentations of Covid‐19, graded from mild to severe, and for special forms like pneumonia and death groups.
Background:The most common bacterial infection among children is Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). Early diagnosis and good treatment of UTI is very important as the risk of renal damage is increased in children below the age of five years which result of morbidity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children attending Pediatric outpatient clinic in Zagazig University Children's Hospital. Also to determine related risk factors, isolate the organisms that cause UTI in children and antibiotics susceptibility patterns. Methods: This Cross sectional descriptive study, was conducted on 600 children, (377 males and 223 females) from two to seven years old attending to pediatric outpatient clinic ZUH , All patient groups were exposed to full medical history, physical examination, Dipstick analysis by using both nitrite and leukocyte esterase detector, Microscopic examinations and urine culture for positive cases. Results: The prevalence of UTI between children included in the current study was (7%). LE positive were 56 (9.3%), Nitrite positive were 47 (7.8%) and both LE and Nitrite positive were 17 (2.8%). Conclusion: The prevalence of UTI was 7 % in our study, E -Coli was detected to be the most common organism, Cefotaxime and Amikacin were detected to be the most common antibiotic sensitive to the isolates.
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