Little is known about the role of folate and polymorphisms associated with folate metabolism on prostate cancer risk in populations of African origin. We examined the relationship between serum folate and prostate cancer and whether any association was modified by genetic polymorphisms for folate metabolism. The study was case-control in design and consisted of 218 men 40-80 years old with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 236 cancer-free men attending the same urology clinics in Jamaica, March 2005-July 2007. Serum folate was measured by an immunoassay method and genomic DNA evaluated for MTHR (C677T and A1298C), MTRR A66G, and MTR A2756G polymorphisms. Mean serum folate concentration was higher among cases (12.3 ± 4.1 nmol/L) than controls (9.7 ± 4.2 nmol/L). Serum folate concentration showed a positive association with prostate cancer (OR, 4.41; CI, 2.52-7.72 per 10 nmol/L) regardless of grade. No interactions were observed between genotype and folate concentration, but a weak gene effect was observed for MTHFR A1298C and low-grade prostate cancer. Larger studies to investigate the role of gene-gene/gene-diet interactions in Black men are needed.
BACKGROUND A meta and pooled analysis of published and unpublished case-control studies was peNorrformed to evaluate the association of CYP17 (rs743572) and CYP3A4 (rs2740574) polymorphisms and prostate cancer in men from the USA, Caribbean and Africa. METHODS Eight publications (7 studies) and two unpublished studies for CYP17 included 1,580 subjects (559 cases and 1,021 controls) and eleven publications and three unpublished studies for CYP3A4 included 3,400 subjects (1,429 cases and 1,971 controls). RESULTS Overall, the CYP17 heterozygous and homozygous variants were not associated with prostate cancer, but they confer a 60% increased risk of prostate cancer in a sub-group analysis restricted to African-American men (T/C+C/C, OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4). No associations were observed for CYP3A4, overall and in stratified analyses for African-Americans and Africans. The pooled analysis suggests that after adjusting for study, age, PSA and family history of prostate cancer, CYP17 was found to be associated with prostate cancer for men of African ancestry (Adjusted OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.2–10.0). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that genetic factors involved in the androgen pathway play a role in prostate cancer risk among men of African ancestry.
Quality of life is generally better for patients undergoing P/D compared to EPP, for an extended period following surgery. Given the need for multimodality therapy and the aggressive nature of MPM, QoL outcomes should be strongly considered when recommending type of surgery for patients with this disease.
This article presents the central theses of the author's book, Heidegger: l'introduction du nazisme dans la philosophie. The author does not explore simply the history of Heidegger's involvement with National Socialism, which is well known, but rather examines the connections between National Socialism and the foundations of Heidegger's philosophy as the latter is presented in the sixty eight volumes which have appeared to date of the Gesamtausgabe as well as unpublished texts of two of Heidegger's seminars given between 1933 and 1935. The author argues that Heidegger's Nazism is evident not simply in speeches he gave in favor of Nazism but in the entirety of the courses he taught. In the courses from 1933 and 1934, for example, Heidegger discusses the political significance of his masterpiece, Being and Time, and linked it directly to Nazi racist thinking. The author also shows that the linkage between Nazism and Heidegger's thought did not end in the 1930s and that in the early 1940s Heidegger offered an ontological legitimization of racial selection. After the defeat of Nazism, Heidegger continued to stress at least implicitly the linkage of his conception of death with heroic sacrifice. The upshot of this, ultimately was to call into question in philosophical terms the "deaths" of Jewish victims in the death camps. Heidegger thus contributed to what the author calls an "ontological denial of the Holocaust."
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