MUC3 is a large mucin glycoprotein expressed by the human intestine and gall bladder. In this manuscript, we present details of the deduced protein structure of MUC3. The MUC3 carboxyl-terminal domain is 617 residues in length, including 511 residues of a non-repetitive mucin-like domain (27% Thr, 22% Ser, and 11% Pro) and a 106-residue Cys-rich domain with homology to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) -like structural motifs found in many proteins. The region of MUC3 located upstream of the previously described 51-base pair (bp) tandem repeats, which encode a major Ser and Thr-rich domain, consists of a second type of repetitive structure with an imperfect periodicity of approximately 1125 bp. This domain is also mucin-like and appears to be considerably larger than 2000 residues (6000 bp). The MUC3 gene itself is large and complex. Using pulse field gel electrophoresis and blot analysis, the smallest fragment found that contained all human genomic DNA hybridizing to the 51-bp tandem repeat probe was 200 kilobases with restriction enzyme SwaI. Both PvuII and PstI produced two sets of hybridizing fragments that were hypervariable within the human population with a pattern suggestive of both a variation in the number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and sequence polymorphism. These fragments varied independently of each other, but no genetic recombination was detected in a study of 40 human families. Thus, the MUC3 gene encodes a very large glycoprotein with a structure very different from that of any mucin currently described.The mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts secrete mucus, a hydrophilic gel that serves to coat and protect delicate epithelial linings. Mucus owes its hydrophilic and viscoelastic properties to its content of the glycoproteins collectively known as mucins. Mucins are large, heterogeneous and highly glycosylated proteins (1-4) in which the vast majority of the carbohydrate side chains are O-linked to Thr and Ser residues of the polypeptide backbone. Mucin heterogeneity is due partly to the glycosylation, partly to variability of polymerization (5, 6), and partly due to the fact that mucin polypeptides are encoded by a number of distinct and highly polymorphic genes that are variably expressed (1, 2). The identification of individual mucins has been greatly assisted by the isolation of partial cDNA clones that have usually contained tandem repeat domains, the sequence of which is unique to a particular mucin gene.In humans, at least nine different mucin genes encode epithelial mucins (1, 2, 7-9). Of these, the complete cDNA sequence is available for only three, the membrane mucin MUC1 and two that encode secretory mucins, MUC2 which is expressed in the intestine and MUC7 which is expressed in the salivary glands (9 -11). The MUC1 cDNA ranges in size from 800 to 1700 amino acid residues depending upon its content of a 20 residue tandemly repeated peptide unit that comprises much of the coding region and exhibits a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) 1 poly...
Summary We have prospectively analysed and correlated the gene expression profiles of children presenting with acute leukaemia to the Royal London and Great Ormond Street Hospitals with morphological diagnosis, immunophenotype and karyotype. Total RNA extracted from freshly sorted blast cells was obtained from 84 lymphoblastic [acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)], 20 myeloid [acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)] and three unclassified acute leukaemias and hybridised to the high density Affymetrix U133A oligonucleotide array. Analysis of variance and significance analysis of microarrays was used to identify discriminatory genes. A novel 50‐gene set accurately identified all patients with ALL and AML and predicted for a diagnosis of AML in three patients with unclassified acute leukaemia. A unique gene set was derived for each of eight subtypes of acute leukaemia within our data set. A common profile for children with ALL with an ETV6–RUNX1 fusion, amplification or deletion of ETV6, amplification of RUNX1 or hyperdiploidy with an additional chromosome 21 was identified. This suggests that these rearrangements share a commonality in biological pathways that maintains the leukaemic state. The gene TERF2 was most highly expressed in this group of patients. Our analyses demonstrate that not only is microarray analysis the single most effective tool for the diagnosis of acute leukaemias of childhood but it has the ability to identify unique biological pathways. To further evaluate its prognostic value it needs to be incorporated into the routine diagnostic analysis for large‐scale clinical trials in childhood acute leukaemias.
In this poster, we present the idea of "virtual transparency" for video see-through AR. In fully synthetic 3D graphics, headtracked motion parallax has been shown to be a powerful depth cue for understanding the structure of the virtual world. To leverage head-tracked motion parallax in video see-through AR, the view of the virtual and physical world must change together in response to head motion. We present a system for accomplishing this, and discuss the benefits and limitations of our approach.
We propose an Analogy Principle in the context of Unary Inductive Logic and characterize the probability functions which satisfy it. In particular in the case of a language with just two predicates the probability functions satisfying this principle correspond to solutions of Skyrms' 'Wheel of Fortune'.
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