Objective. Current generation smartphones' video camera technologies enable photoplethysmographic (PPG) acquisition and heart rate (HR) measurement. The study objective was to develop an Android application and compare HRs derived from a Motorola Droid to electrocardiograph (ECG) and Nonin 9560BT pulse oximeter readings during various movement-free tasks. Materials and Methods. HRs were collected simultaneously from 14 subjects, ages 20 to 58, healthy or with clinical conditions, using the 3 devices during 5-minute periods while at rest, reading aloud under observation, and playing a video game. Correlation between the 3 devices was determined, and Bland-Altman plots for all possible pairs of devices across all conditions assessed agreement. Results. Across conditions, all device pairs showed high correlations. Bland-Altman plots further revealed the Droid as a valid measure for HR acquisition. Across all conditions, the Droid compared to ECG, 95% of the data points (differences between devices) fell within the limits of agreement. Conclusion. The Android application provides valid HRs at varying levels of movement free mental/perceptual motor exertion. Lack of electrode patches or wireless sensor telemetric straps make it advantageous for use in mobile-cell-phone-delivered health promotion and wellness programs. Further validation is needed to determine its applicability while engaging in physical movement-related activities.

Significant challenges remain in targeting drugs to diseased vasculature; most important being rapid blood flow with high shear, limited availability of stable targets, and heterogeneity and recycling of cellular markers. We developed nanoparticles (NPs) to target degraded elastic lamina, a consistent pathological feature in vascular diseases. In-vitro organ and cell culture experiments demonstrated that these NPs were not taken up by cells, but instead retained within the extracellular space; NP binding was proportional to the extent of elastic lamina damage. With three well-established rodent models of vascular diseases such as aortic aneurysm (calcium chloride mediated aortic injury in rats), atherosclerosis (fat-fed apoE−/− mice), and vascular calcification (warfarin + vitamin K injections in rats), we show precise NPs spatial targeting to degraded vascular elastic lamina while sparing healthy vasculature when NPs were delivered systemically. Nanoparticle targeting degraded elastic lamina is attractive to deliver therapeutic or imaging agents to the diseased vasculature.

Objectives: This brief report demonstrates the proof of concept of the Tension Tamer (TT) smartphone application, which integrates photoplethysmograph capabilities with breathing awareness meditation (BAM), to reduce stress and measure heart rate and adherence. Design: Methods for objectively measuring heart rate and adherence to BAM were developed as part of a future randomized controlled trial. Setting/Location: The study was conducted at Jerry Zucker Middle School of Science and the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Subjects: The subjects were three prehypertensive male teachers. Intervention: The method used was smartphone delivered BAM. Outcome measures: Objective measures included heart rate, adherence, and ambulatory blood pressure (BP). Results: Adherence data was successfully collected by the TT application. Increased adherence to TT coincided with increased improvements in ambulatory BP over a 3-month period. Conclusions: TT shows promise as a simple inexpensive program for administering BAM and capturing adherence data in future clinical trials.

Physical activity is critical to improve the condition of patients with chronic leg and foot ulcers, especially those who are obese and experienced multiple co-morbid conditions. Unfortunately, these individuals are unable to engage in guideline based physical activity (PA) programs. A prototype of Bluetooth TM enabled acceleration tracking (BEAT) mHealth system was developed and manufactured for remote monitoring and stimulation of adherence to PA in deconditioned patients. The system consists of a miniature accelerometer-based sensor, smartphone application, and a network service. Validation testing showed high reliability and reproducibility of the BEAT sensors. Pilot study with human subjects demonstrated high accuracy of the BEAT system in recognition of different exercises and calculating overall outcomes of PA. Taken together, these results indicate that BEAT system could become a valuable tool for real-time monitoring of PA in deconditioned patients.

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