From the beginning of human existence, man collected and analysed information about the space that surrounded him. Nowadays, due to the huge amount of data, it would be impossible without geographic information systems. According to the definition, the main function of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is to collect, process, integrate, analyse and present data directly collected in the database or obtained through analysis. The basis of each information system’s functioning is the collection of relevant data about real-world objects, in terms of their completeness, quality and reliability. Due to the very rapid development of information technology, GIS systems have found a wide application, eg. in spatial planning, real estate management, administration, infrastructure management and many other areas of life. The authors within the article have made a detailed review of the current using of GIS, with particular emphasis on the mining industry. In the latter, particular attention was focused on the use of this type of tools to monitor and analyse the effects of mining activities. At the same time, the authors indicated new possibilities related to the application of geographic information systems in this branch.
Abstract. Rapid technological development observed for many years in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has enabled the application of this system in many areas of life, including: administration, infrastructure management, in environmental protection, spatial planning, in real estate management, in crisis planning and in many branches of industry, including mining. According to [1], the Geographic Information System should be understood as a system for acquiring, processing, verifying, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and presenting data that are spatially referenced to the Earth. It usually includes a spatial database and appropriate software. The article presents an example of obtaining spatial data from archival maps, which are an important, and sometimes even the only source of information enabling tracking changes occurring in the geographical environment and determining the location of objects whose time of using has come to an end. Using the GIS class software, the author made a multivariate calibration of the archival situational and altitude map of the area of the inactive "Saturn" mine. On the basis of the obtained results, she indicated the most appropriate method for this type of task. The map prepared in this way was used to locate liquidated mine excavations connected to the surface. Acquiring reliable information about the location of this type of excavations is particularly important because of the risk associated with the possibility of outflow of gases adversely affecting the atmosphere and thus health of people staying near them (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) as well as due to the possibility of occurrence of so-called discontinuous deformations.
In order to implement the provisions of the INSPIRE Directive, it is necessary for the Member States of the European Union to take appropriate measures to enable combining in a uniform manner spatial data deriving from different sources and sharing use of them by many users and many applications. Spatial data regarding underground hard coal mining in Poland should also be available in the national spatial reference system. Mining enterprises run a cartographic resource in the different rectangular flat coordinate systems. The standard transformation procedure does not provide the required accuracy because these are areas affected by mining activity, and the stability of points is limited, hence, studies were undertaken. The result is the development of software that can be used in Geographic Information Systems to transform spatial data from a system used in mine to the national system. The article described shortly a chosen coordinates systems used in Polish underground mines, elaborated procedure for selection of the degree and the type of a transformation polynomial in the transformation task. It presents its practical application of procedure for the area of one of hard coal mines using the author’s software elaborated in the results of above-mentioned research.
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