Punica protopunica Balf. is one of only two species housed by the Punica genera. Punica protopunica. Balf., known as Socotran pomegranate, is an endemic, isolated species found only in Socotra archipelago in the northwestern Indian Ocean, and is considered to be the ancestor of pomegranate. This review stems from the fact that in many Punica granatum L. articles, Punica protopunica Balf. is mentioned, but just in an informative way, without mentioning their taxonomic and genetic relationship and their medicinal properties. It is there where the need arises to know more about this forgotten species: “the other pomegranate tree.” A large part of the human population does not know of its existence, since only its “sister” has spread throughout the world. The present review deals with the taxonomy and origin of Punica protopunica Balf., the morphology of the tree, distribution, cultivation, vulnerability, and as well as its relationship with Punica granatum L. It also discusses its uses in traditional medicine, its antioxidant capacity, and the medicinal properties of this forgotten species.
In developed countries, clinical pharmacists perform various activities depending on the available resources and the health system, and TDM represents one of the fundamental responsibilities, this activity is performed according to the specific pharmacotherapy of the patient, and includes the evolution of the disease, risk factors and treatment goals. In Mexico, the practice of clinical pharmacy, is a relatively new discipline, and there is not yet a specialized service that performs monitoring in which pharmacokinetic concepts are applied. Therefore, it is highly important to promote the integration and participation of hospital clinical pharmacists in the individualization of pharmacological therapies, and to acknowledge the benefits that all this provides.
La farmacocinética se puede definir como la “relación entre la dosis administrada y la concentración plasmática de un fármaco”, y esto implica el estudio de los diferentes procesos de absorción, distribución, metabolismo y excreción. Las modificaciones en la farmacocinética ayudan a explicar las diferentes respuestas que se presentan entre diferentes sujetos, dándose así la variabilidad interindividual, a su vez, la aproximación farmacocinética para definir la variabilidad interindividual en la respuesta a los fármacos necesita obligatoriamente de una explicación genética para entender dicho concepto. La farmacogenética estudia las causas genéticas de las variaciones individuales del ADN en la respuesta a los fármacos, y la farmacogenómica, analiza todo el genoma (nivel de ADN, ARN) de los determinantes genéticos de la eficacia y toxicidad de los fármacos.
In Mexico, Metformin (MTF) is an oral hypoglycemic drug that is part of the group of biguanides used as a first-line treatment for the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In the Mexican pharmaceutical market, there is a wide variety of medicines containing this drug, hence the importance of evaluating the quality of the medicines sold in the country. One of the important chemical tests performed both in the drug development phase, and in the quality evaluation criteria during its production, is the dissolution test. This is the test where it simulates in vitro, the time it takes for a given drug to pass into its soluble form, thus establishing its release time. The dissolution test to assess bioavailability in vitro has already been included in several official regulations, as a quality control method that allows predicting the behavior of the drug in the pharmaceutical form after its administration. The aim of this work was to validate a simple and reliable analytical method to quantify MTF in immediate-release tablets by UV spectroscopy, for a comparative study of in vitro dissolution profiles. In dissolution medium of 0.68% potassium monobasic phosphate at pH 6.8, adjusted with sodium hydroxide, the method demonstrated linearity in the range of 2 to 16 µg/L. The parameters evaluated complied with the provisions of the national and international guidelines for the validation of analytical methods; therefore, the analytical method meets the requirements for the quantification of Metformin in dissolution studies.
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