Objetivo: Analisar as recomendações governamentais e as evidências científicas quanto ao uso de protetores respiratórios por profissionais de saúde no contexto da pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Método: Scoping Review, seguido o protocolo proposto pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI), Versão 2020. Foi utilizada a estratégia PCC (População, Conceito e Contexto), para a formulação da seguinte pergunta norteadora: “Quais as recomendações quanto ao uso de máscaras/respiradores de proteção respiratória por profissionais de saúde frente ao risco de contaminação pelo SARS-CoV-2?”. Foram realizadas buscas em seis bases de dados internacionais e na literatura cinzenta e em sites governamentais de diferentes países, de julho a agosto de 2020. Resultados: foram incluídos 20 estudos publicados em 2020. Sobre a metodologia dos estudos, 1 (5%) estudo descritivo, 1 (5%) revisão narrativa, 2 (10%) revisão sistemática com meta-análise, 2 revisões sistemáticas (10%), 8 (40%) revisão de literatura e 6 (30%) relatório técnico. Conclusão:Há divergências quanto ao: tipo de proteção respiratória em cuidados de rotina, quando não há geração de aerossóis, com estudos que indicam a utilização de máscaras cirúrgicas e outros que recomendam a utilização de um respirador particulado; há indicação de diferentes respiradores particulados de diversos graus de proteção, para o mesmo cenário de exposição clínica, e existe conflito quanto ao cenário de maior exposição para os profissionais de saúde, na discordância de quais procedimentos geram aerossóis.
Objetivo: Avaliar a esterilidade de fitas coloridas e resinas utilizadas como identificadores em instrumentos cirúrgicos. Método: Foi realizado umestudo experimental, laboratorial, que utilizou uma amostra de 140 instrumentos cirúrgicos diversos, de aço inoxidável, identificados com fita ou resina,doados voluntariamente por Centros de Material e Esterilização para a presente investigação. As amostras foram inoculadas diretamente em trypticasesoy broth (TSB) e em tioglicolato de sódio e incubadas por 14 dias. Resultados: Foi observado crescimento positivo em três amostras de fita e nenhumcrescimento foi observado nas amostras de resina. Conclusão: Marcadores de instrumental do tipo fita albergaram microrganismos nos instrumentaisavaliados, possivelmente protegidos por biofilme.
Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence on aerosols generated during cleaning
activities of health products in the Central Service Department (CSD) and the
impact of the negative pressure of the ambient air in the cleaning area to control
the dispersion of aerosols to adjacent areas. Method: for this literature systematic review the following searches were done: search
guidelines, manuals or national and international technical standards given by
experts; search in the portal and databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of
Science; and a manual search of scientific articles. Results: the five technical documents reviewed recommend that the CSD cleaning area should
have a negative differential ambient air pressure, but scientific articles on the
impact of this intervention were not found. The four articles included talked
about aerosols formed after the use of a ultrasonic cleaner (an increased in the
contamination especially during use) and pressurized water jet (formation of
smaller aerosols 5μm). In a study, the aerosols formed from contaminated the hot
tap water with Legionella pneumophila were evaluated. Conclusions: there is evidence of aerosol formation during cleanup activities in CSD. Studies
on occupational diseases of respiratory origin of workers who work in CSD should
be performed.
Introduction: Monitoring disability trends is required to evaluate leprosy elimination. We assessed the trends in disability indicators and its association with space in Alagoas, Brazil. Methods: We conducted an ecological study in all leprosy cases from 2006 to 2016. Disability indicators were analyzed using the joinpoint regression model. Results: The proportion of new cases with grade 2 disability at diagnosis ranged from 4.7% to 11.9% (annual percent change, 1.4; P= 0.7), while at discharge, it ranged from 0.0% to 12.3% (annual percent change,-21.8; P= 0.2). Conclusions: Disability indicators had a stable trend over the study period.
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of manual and automated methods for cleaning laparoscopic instruments. DESIGN Experimental laboratory study. METHODS We evaluated 4 methods of cleaning laparoscopic instruments: (1) manual-only cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water; (2) manual cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water, followed by ultrasonic cleaning without rinsing; (3) manual cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water followed by ultrasonic cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water; and (4) manual cleaning and rinsing with potable tap water, followed by ultrasonic cleaning and rinsing: first with potable tap water and then with sterile distilled water. Organic residues of protein, hemoglobin, and carbohydrates were evaluated using spectrophotometry. RESULTS The various cleaning methods tested did not result in statistically significant differences (P>.05) in the levels of investigated organic residues. CONCLUSIONS All cleaning and rinsing methods tested were found to be effective in reducing the levels of organic residues on laparoscopic instruments. Thus, there is no advantage gained by supplementing manual-only cleaning with automated ultrasonic cleaning, nor was there a difference between rinsing with potable tap versus sterile distilled water. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:58-63.
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