Even within an insect family famous for its morphological diversity, the treehopper subfamily Heteronotinae is a microcosm of pronotal variation, displaying remarkably dissimilar thoracic ornamentations among its ten included genera. Presented here is a reconstruction of heteronotine relationships based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from five nuclear and two mitochondrial genes from a comprehensive sample of ingroup taxa (including exemplars of all genera except for the monotypic Dysyncritus Fowler, 1895). Concordant phylogenetic estimates support the monophyly of Heteronotinae sensu stricto (i.e. excluding Darnoides Fairmaire, 1846), as well as the monophyly of the included genera Heteronotus Laporte, 1832, Nassunia Stål, 1862, Omolon Walker, 1862, Rhexia Stål, 1867, and Smiliorachis Fairmaire, 1846. Conversely, Anchistrotus Buckton, 1902, Allodrilus Evangelista, 2014 and Iria Stål, 1867 were not recovered as monophyletic, although topology comparison tests failed to reject the nonmonophyly of the latter two genera, nor Heteronotinae, as currently circumscribed. These results are interpreted in the context of available morphological evidence, which generally supports these findings. Also addressed here is the evolution of selected pronotal features representing major aspects of heteronotine morphology. Bayesian stochastic mapping of pronotal traits estimated multiple character state transitions, suggesting repeated acquisition of pronotal features, most of which have evolved independently within the diverse genus Heteronotus. These convergences may provide insight into the role of the pronotum in heteronotine groups that appear to serve different adaptive strategies, such as mimicry, crypsis and defence against predators. Furthermore, our results show a substantial diversity in need of formal description, including possible new genera, and several unique sexually dimorphic syndromes that may constitute a species complex within Heteronotus delineatus Walker, 1858. Nomenclatural changes are proposed for Nassunia nigromacula (Funkhouser, 1940) new combination and Smiliorachis inornata Stål, 1862 combination reinstated, which were found to be misplaced at the generic and subfamily levels according to our analyses. 410

ABSTRACT. The tribe Acutalini Fowler is redescribed as well as the genera Acutalis DEITZ (1975), are: pronotum not concealing forewings; forewings with R, M, and Cu separate near base, R2+3 present as distinct branch of R, with one r and one m-cu crossveins; hindwing with one r-m crossvein, marginal vein R2+3 distinct.Among the material belonging to Bord6n's Collection (Venezuela), were found five new species that do not fit well in the Acutalini, as defined above. They present two m-cu crossveins and no r in the forewings. Two of them also present supra-humeral horns. Therefore, the tribe Acutalini Fowler is here redefined to include these new members.

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Dysyncritus Fowler is revised based on the examination of primary types, and restructured to exclusively accomodate Dysyncritus intectus Fowler, 1895. Allodrilus Evangelista gen. nov. (type species: Cymbomorpha nitidipennis Funkhouser, 1922 = Allodrilus nitidipennis (Funkhouser, 1922) comb. nov.) is erected with seven newly discovered taxa: A. alboferrugineus Evangelista sp. nov. (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana), A. colombiensis Flórez-V sp. nov. (Colombia), A. deitzi Evangelista sp. nov. (Ecuador), A. granulatus Evangelista sp. nov. (Ecuador), A. horizontalis Evangelista sp. nov. (Bolivia), A. intermedius Evangelista sp. nov. (Ecuador), and A. similis Evangelista sp. nov. (Peru). A key to males is provided, in addition to annotated descriptions and illustrations. Nomenclatural changes are proposed to species formerly included in Dysyncritus: Smiliorachis nubilis (Goding, 1930) comb. nov., Smiliorachis discrepans (Goding, 1930) comb. nov., and Dysyncritus lineatus Goding, 1930 (= Smiliorachis octilinea Stål, 1869 syn. nov.).

ABSTRACT. The tribe Micrutalini and its two genera, Trachytalis Fowler and Micrutalis Fowler, are redescribed. The following species are treated and, in some cases, nomenclatural changes introduced: Trachytalis isabellina Fowler, 1895; T distinguenda Fowler, 1895; T retrofasciata (Lethierry, 1890), comb.n.; Micrutalis atrovena Goding, 1930; M balteata (Fairmaire, 1846) = Acutalis lucidus Buckton, 1902, syn.n.; M bella Goding, 1929; M biguttula (Fairmaire, 1846) Haupt, 1929 (sensu DEITZ 1975 includes only two genera: Trachytalis Fowler and Micrutalis Fowler, both possessing four apical cells in the tegmina and three in the wings, the second of which not petiolate. These characters distinguish Micrutalini from other tribes of Smiliinae.The present study is a contribution to a future revisional work on this group. The main purpose was to gather ali the known species together with some new ones, adding new informations and nomenclatural changes. A complete revision of the tribe, as intended, was not possible due to the lacking ofmaterial. Many described species, or their types, were not seen. ln "Material examined" the institutions to which the specimens belong are indicated as follows: CCBM -Colección Carlos Bordón (private collection), Maracay, Venezuela; DZUP -Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; LUND -Lund University, Lund, Sweden; MNRJ -Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; MRSN -Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy.The species presented below, separately in known and new, are ordered in alphabetical sequence. The measurements are given in millimeters.