Secondary school teachers, previously trained in b-CPR, can teach these skills effectively to 14-16-year-old students using PROCES. The retention of b-CPR skills is greater with this methodology compared with a more standardised programme.
Emergency physicians can satisfactorily instruct secondary school students in b-CPR using PROCES, and this specific program achieves a reasonable amount of satisfactory learning.
We propose a simple way to introduce the concept of specific heat through the use of cooling curves. Good qualitative results for the specific heat of aluminum are achieved. This approach allows one to introduce a discussion of the actual heat exchange processes and provides opportunities for discussing factors that contribute to error.
Resumo: Estudos têm mostrado a importância das interações sociais desencadeadas em sala de aula como fundamentais para a aprendizagem dos alunos. Contudo, o professor deve ser capaz de motivar os estudantes para se envolverem mais ativamente com as atividades de ensino propostas. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação sobre as interações sociais desenvolvidas no contexto de uma sala de aula do Ensino Médio, que explicou os princípios da conservação da energia mecânica com uma aula experimental de demonstração. O principal objetivo era entender como o discurso do professor pode contribuir para o bom nível de motivação do aluno durante uma aula. As entrevistas com professor e alunos e todo o processo de interação durante as atividades foram gravados, transcritos e analisados . Os resultados ressaltam a importância da abordagem discursiva dos professores para manter o processo de motivação entre os alunos.Palavras-chave: Interação social. Ensino Médio. Ensino de ciências. Motivação. Discurso do professor.
Abstract:Studies have shown the importance of social interactions triggered in the classroom as key to student learning. However, the teacher should be able to motivate students to engage more actively with proposals for activities. This article presents the results of an investigation into the social interactions developed in the context of a classroom of high school which explained the principles of conservation of mechanical energy with a trial demonstration. The main objective was to understand how the discourse of the teacher can contribute to the proper level of motivation of the student during a lesson. Interviews with teachers and students and the whole process of interaction during the activities were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The results underscore the importance of the discursive approach of teachers to maintain the process of motivation among students.
Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PA) remains a challenge in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the role of microRNAs (miRNAs-21, -23a, -100, -107, -181c, -210) in plasma and tissue as possible biomarkers in the diagnosis of PA. Samples of plasma (PAp-n = 13), pancreatic tumors (PAt-n = 18), peritumoral regions (PPT-n = 9) were collected from patients during the surgical procedure. The control group consisted of samples from patients submitted to pancreatic surgery for trauma or cadaveric organs (PCn = 7) and healthy volunteers donated blood (PCp-n = 6). The expression profile of microRNAs was measured in all groups using RT-PCR, serum CA19-9 levels were determined in PA and PC. In tissue samples, there was a difference in the expression of miRNAs-21, -210 (p < 0.05) across the PAt, PC and PPT groups. The PAp showed overexpression of miRNAs-181c, -210 (p < 0.05) when compared to PCp. The combination of miRNAs-21, -210 tissue expression and serum CA19-9 showed 100% accuracy in the diagnosis of PA, as well as miR-181c expression in the plasma (PApxPCp). The expression of microRNAs in plasma proved to be a promising tool for a noninvasive detection test for PA, as well as further studies will evaluate the utility of microRNAs expression as biomarkers for prognostic and response to therapy in PA.
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