Objectives: Evaluate the effect on the application of low level laser therapy, in patients that have been previously intervened with a sagittal ramus split osteotomy and present neurosensory impairment due to this surgery, compared with placebo. Study Design: This preliminary study is a randomized clinical trial, with an experimental group (n=17) which received laser light and a control group (n=14), placebo. All participants received laser applications, divided after surgery in days 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 14, 21 and 28. Neurosensory impairment was evaluated clinically with 5 tests; visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and sensitivity, directional and 2 point discrimination, thermal discrimination, each one of them performed before and after surgery on day 1, and 1, 2 and 6 months. Participants and results evaluator were blinded to intervention. Variables were described with absolute frequencies, percentages and medians. Ordinal and dichotomous variables were compared with Mann Whitney’s and Fisher’s test respectively. Results: Results demonstrate clinical improvement in time, as well as in magnitude of neurosensory return for laser group; VAS for sensitivity reached 5 (normal), 10 participants recovered initial values for 2 point discrimination (62,5%) and 87,5% recovered directional discrimination at 6 months after surgery. General VAS for sensitivity showed 68,75% for laser group, compared with placebo 21,43% (p-value = (0.0095). Left side sensitivity (VAS) showed 3.25 and 4 medians for placebo and laser at 2 months, respectively (p-value = (0.004). Conclusions: Low-level laser therapy was beneficial for this group of patients on recovery of neurosensory impairment of mandibular nerve, compared to a placebo. Key words:Laser Therapy, low-level, LLLP, osteotomy, sagittal split ramus, paresthesia, mandibular nerve.
Recent technical and technological advancements in orthognathic surgery concepts, intricate in the diagnosis and treatment planning for corrections of dento-facial deformities, have achieved stable oro-dental functional occlusion and facial esthetic harmony. Undeniably, this can be attributed to the integration of modern, innovative and advanced facial analysis and computer-aided imaging exams into well-orchestrated and executed orthodontic and surgical methods. Three-Dimensional (3-D) virtual planning is a fine example. Today, the acquisition of 3-D images of a patient's craniofacial complex via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), supported by software tools allowing the construction of 3-D dynamic and interactive visual models, eliminates the uncertainty experienced with two-dimensional images. Thereby allowing for a more accurate or predictable treatment plan and efficient surgery, especially for patients with complex dento-facial deformities. This review article aims to describe the current benefits as well as shortcomings of 3-D virtual planning via discussing examples and illustrations from orthognathic procedures, attained from the reported English and Spanish literature during the last 10 years. It is designed to deliver updated and practical guidelines for dental practitioners and specialists (particularly, oral and maxillofacial), as well as researchers involved in 3-D virtual approaches as an alternative to conventional/traditional surgical planning; thereby validating its superiority or benefits in terms of outcome prediction for soft and hard tissues, operational timeand cost-effectiveness; for its integration in day-today practise.
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