Two experiments examined factors that influence the processing of pseudohomophones (nonwords such as brahe orjoak, which sound like words) and nonpseudohomophones (such as brone andjoap, which do not sound like words). In Experiment 1, pseudohomophones yielded faster naming latencies and slower lexical-decision lateneies than did nonpseudohomophones, replicating results of R. S. McCann and D. Besner (1987) and R. S. McCann, D. Besner, and E. Davelaar (1988). The magnitude of the effect was related to subjects' speed in lexical decision but not naming. In Experiment 2, both immediate and delayed naming conditions were used. There was again a significant pseudohomophone effect that did not change in magnitude across conditions. These results indicate that pseudohomophone effects in the lexical-decision and naming tasks have different bases. In lexical decision, they reflect the pseudohomophone's activation of phonological and semantic information associated with words. In naming, they reflect differences in ease of articulating familiar versus unfamiliar pronunciations. Implications of these results concerning models of word recognition are discussed, focusing on how pseudohomophone effects can arise within models that do not incorporate word-specific representations, such as the M. S. Seidenberg and J. L. McClelland (1989) model. One goal of research on visual word recognition is to identify the aspects of lexical structure that influence processing. Numerous studies have examined the effects of properties such as frequency (e.g.,
This article investigates how developments in nanotechnology were framed in the British national newspaper press during a formative period in their rising public salience. Specifically, an intervention by Prince Charles in April 2003 is shown to have acted as the principal catalyst for much of the ensuing newspaper reporting over the next fifteen months. This study, in taking as its focus the operation of specific news frames, identifies a range of factors that shaped the initial terms of the subsequent debate (between both advocates and critics of nanotechnology) from one newspaper to the next during this period. The analysis suggests that the involvement of a celebrity may play a crucial role in enhancing the newsworthiness of an issue and influencing its subsequent framing in the newspaper press.
Employing the concepts of risk and governance, this paper develops a specific theoretical and critical perspective on the discourse of health promotion. The paper begins by examining some problems with the influential formulations of risk offered by Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens. It then discusses some recent Foucaultian contributions on the topics of risk and governance, and particularly the work of Robert Castel, which draw attention to the role of risk discourse and self-regulatory techniques of governance in those societies exhibiting a form of rule known as 'neo-liberalism'. The paper examines health promotion in the light of the new preventive strategies of social administration that have emerged in these societies and that target the 'at risk' individual and utilise the agency of subjects in processes of self-regulation. It explores some implications of the new risk discourse for the self, and raises some questions about the politics of the enterprise of health promotion as a whole.
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