Bovine mastitis is the most frequent disease worldwide in dairy herds, causing high economic losses to producers and industry, as well as having implications for public health due to the zoonotic potential of some agents involved in its etiology and the increased risk of antimicrobial residues in milk and its derivatives. Considering the multifactorial aspect of this disease, knowledge of the agents involved in its etiology and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles is very important. This study was conducted with 306 dairy herds from the Campo das Vertentes region, located in the south of Minas Gerais state, whose owners were milk suppliers to a dairy in the same region. The study involved approximately 34,000 dairy cows and covered an area of approximately 12,564 km2. In these herds, prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae and their relationship with bulk milk somatic cell counts (BMSCC), total bacterial counts (TBC), and daily production were evaluated. In addition, analyses of resistance of these pathogens to the antimicrobials most commonly used in the treatment of mastitis in dairy herds were performed. Microbiological analyses of milk samples from collect from bulk milk tanks were performed aiming to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. For these proposes, the modified Baird-Parker Agar medium was used for detection of S. aureus and the modified Edwards Agar medium, enriched with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, was used for detection of S. agalactiae. The disc diffusion technique was applied to evaluate antimicrobial resistance. Results show high prevalence rates of S. aureus (70.3%) and S. agalactiae (67.0%) in the dairy farms studied, with 47.71% of the herds showing both pathogens. Associations between BMSCC and the presence of pathogens S. aureus and S. agalactiae and between TBC and the presence of S. agalactiae were observed, demonstrating the influence of these pathogens in milk quality. No variation was observed in the distribution of S. aureus and S. agalactiae in the different strata of daily production. High levels of resistance and multi-resistance were observed among the pathogens S. aureus and S. agalactiae. The results indicate the need for more effective control measures for mastitis caused by S. aureus and S. agalactiae in the dairy herds of the region studied and more judicious use of antimicrobials in order to reduce the problem of resistance to them.

Objetivou-se analisar a aplicabilidade das ferramentas de gestão matriz GUT (gravidade, urgência e tendência), Brainstorming, PDCA (plan, do, check, action), diagrama de Ishikawa e 5W2H, visando o levantamento e a correção de pontos falhos a partir do diagnóstico de propriedades produtoras de leite. Os dados utilizados foram provenientes de quatro propriedades, localizadas na região de Uberlândia, MG, de agosto a dezembro de 2014, sendo coletados a partir de um formulário semiestruturado, contendo 549 questões. As respostas foram obtidas por meio da observação, bem como por entrevistas com os proprietários. Utilizando-se a matriz GUT, os principais pontos fracos encontrados, em ordem decrescente, foram: não realização de exames de brucelose e tuberculose, ausência de pastejo rotacionado, falta de volumoso para a época seca, excesso de proteína na ração concentrada e presença de lama nas áreas de descanso. Os principais pontos fortes encontrados foram: boa qualidade do leite, manejo adequado de vacas secas, cuidados com recém-nascidos, uso de tecnologias (inseminação artificial, ordenhadeira mecânica, cerca elétrica) e realização de controle zootécnico. A partir do ranqueamento dos pontos fracos, e utilizando a ferramenta de gestão Brainstorming, definiu quais ferramentas de gestão seriam utilizadas: PDCA, 5W2H e/ou Diagrama de Ishikawa, visando corrigi-los ou, pelo menos, amenizá-los. Concluiu-se que é possível adequar as ferramentas de gestão à pecuária leiteira, podendo ser usadas de forma contínua para o gerenciamento ou de forma pontual no estabelecimento de um plano ou projeto. Recomenda-se que elas sejam utilizadas, pois pontos fracos poderão ser identificados e corrigidas as ineficiências, contribuindo no aumento da rentabilidade e da lucratividade. Entretanto, são necessários conhecimentos de gestão e zootécnicos para aplicação de tais ferramentas em fazendas leiteiras.

RESUMO.A mastite bovina é a doença mais relevante em bovinos leiteiros em todo o mundo, ocasionando expressivos prejuízos aos produtores, à indústria láctea e consumidores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto econômico da mastite bovina sobre a produção e economia em condições de explorações brasileiras. Para tal, foram estimados as perdas de produção de leite e os prejuízos econômicos em relação às contagens de células somáticas no leite do tanque (CCSt) e contagem bacteriana total (CBT), em rebanhos da região de Campos das Vertentes, uma importante bacia leiteira do Estado de Minas Gerais. Para se calcular as perdas de produção, utilizaram-se as médias de três CCSt, de 306 propriedades, obtidas em intervalos de 15 dias entre as coletas, sendo estimadas as perdas por meio da equação de regressão linear y= -4,7908 + 0,0226x, na qual a variável "x" representa a contagem de células somáticas do tanque (CCSt) e "y"a perda em % de produção de leite. As médias de CCSt e de CBT entre as propriedades amostradas foram de 482.650 cels/mL e 43.710 UFC/mL de leite, respectivamente, verificando-se que 35,6% dos estabelecimentos se encontravam acima dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação vigente para a CCSt e 7,84% para CBT. Os resultados demonstraram que a média de produção diária nas propriedades foi de 488,43 litros de leite e que estimativas de perdas médias diárias na produção devido à mastite foram de 6,80%. Não se observaram diferenças significativas quanto às perdas percentuais de produção em função da produção diária das propriedades. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a necessidade de um controle mais efetivo da mastite, visando minimizar as perdas de produção leiteira e melhorar os índices econômicos, assim como elevar a sanidade do rebanho e a qualidade da matéria-prima ofertada.Palavras chave: infecções intramamárias, mastite, perdas de produção, qualidade do leite, sanidade animal Total bacterial count and somatic cell count as indicators of milk production losses in dairy herds ABSTRACT. Bovine mastitis is the most relevant disease in dairy cattle worldwide, causing significant losses to producers, the dairy industry and consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of bovine mastitis on production and economy under Brazilian farm conditions. For this, milk production and economic losses

Bovine mastitis is the most frequent disease in dairy herds worldwide. This disease causes greateconomic losses to producers, industry and consumers, since there are direct implications in publichealth due to the zoonotic potential of some agents involved in its etiology and the presence ofantimicrobial residues in milk. Considering the multifactorial aspect of the disease and the importanceof milk production in family farming, knowledge of the agents involved in its etiology and thesusceptibility profiles to antimicrobials is of paramount importance. In this study, the prevalence ofStaphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in herds of family farms in the Campo dasVertentes region of Minas Gerais State, and the resistance of these pathogens to the antibiotics mostcommonly used in the treatment of mastitis in livestock dairy farmers were evaluated. The studyinvolved 200 properties, covering an area of approximately 12,564 km2. The prevalences ofpathogens were carried out through microbiological analyzes of milk samples from the bulk milk tank.The modified Baird-Parker Agar medium was used for the detection of S. aureus, and the modifiedEdwards Agar medium, enriched with 5% desfibrinated sheep blood was used for the detection of S.agalactiae. Disc diffusion technique was used to evaluate resistance to antibiotics. The results showedhigh prevalence of S. aureus pathogens (71.0%) and S. agalactiae (68.0%) in the farms studied withhigh levels of resistance and multidrug resistance. The results demonstrate that there are controlfailures measures to contagious mastitis in studied herds, pointing to the need for more effectivecontrol these pathogens and the more judicious use of antibiotics aiming to minimize the problem ofresistance to them.

High bulk milk somatic cell counts (BMSCC) are indicative of failures related to the control of mastitis in the herd, which compromises the quality of the milk and generates great losses for the producers and for the industry. A case-control study was carried out in dairy herds in the Campos das Vertentes region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in order to contribute to the knowledge of the risk factors involved with elevated BMSCC. The study involved 46 dairy herds, of which 30 were considered cases (BMSCC ≥700,000 cells/mL of milk) and 16 control farms (BMSCC ≤200,000 cells/mL of milk). Sixteen qualitative variables and four quantitative variables were analyzed. The results showed that the risk factors for BMSCC ≥700,000 cells/mL were the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae pathogens in bulk milk, non-use of pre and post-dipping, non-use of disposable paper towel for drying of mammary glands, non-monitoring of mastitis in the herd by means of California Mastitis Test (CMT) or individual somatic cell counts (SCC), non-implementation of the milking line and therapy of dry cows and failures in hygiene of teats and udders before milking. Moderate correlations were also observed between the elevation of BMSCC and counts of S. aureus and BMSCC and counts S. agalactiae in bulk milk, and a moderate correlation between S. aureus and S. agalactiae counts in bulk milk. Failures with regard to the maintenance and use of milking equipment, including manual pressure application in milking assemblies, unregulated milking vacuum pressure, and vacuum loss during milking, and maintenance failures of the milking machine and bulk milk tank were also pointed out as important risk factors of BMSCC elevation. The results of this study provided subsidies for the elaboration of more effective programs for mastitis control and improvement of raw milk quality, reducing the losses caused by the disease to producers and industry.