The southwest part of Cameroon is composed of a range of geological structures and sedimentary basins, whose geological history dates from the Cretaceous, and their establishment would have originated from the opening of the South Atlantic. Among these structures, the most important is the Cameroon Volcanic Line, generally denoted CVL, followed by the southern part of the Central African Shear Zone (CASZ) called the Foumban Shear Zone (FSZ), the Ntem Complex, the Benue Trough, the northern margin of the Congo Craton, and many others. The major structures identified in this part are formed as a result of geodynamic activity between the Oligocene and the recent period, to which we can add the volcanism that exists along with the continental limit. The XGM201e_2159 model is used to highlight the geological structures of Southwestern Cameroon. First, we separated the regional and residual anomalies from Bouguer gravity data. Then, we used a combination of filters to enhance the signature of the residual anomalies in Southwest Cameroon. These filters identified various geological structures in the area. Finally, we applied the enhanced horizontal gradient amplitude (EHGA) and multi-scale horizontal derivative of the vertical derivative (MSHDVD) methods to reveal the geological contacts, allowing us to establish the corresponding structural map of the region. In addition, the results obtained in this study are the first to precisely define the circumferential demarcation of the continental and oceanic expansions of Mount Cameroon, while clearly illustrating the Bao, Bomana, Tiko, and Ekona faults that extend to the Bakassi Peninsula and the Douala outlet. Furthermore, they highlight the strike–slip faults in the summit vicinity. The structural map shows that most of the geological boundaries identified in the area are trending in the NE–SW, NNE–SSW, ENE–WSW, N–S, and NW–SE directions.
The coastal and intracontinental sedimentary basins of Cameroon owe their origins to the opening of the South Atlantic. Among these sedimentary basins, we can mention those of Mamfe, Douala and Rio Del Rey, which are the subject of our current study. These were formed following geodynamic processes between the periods from the lower Cretaceous to the Neogene. These processes have significantly affected the basement of these basins leaving as consequences of multiple faults which would in their turn favor a rise of the magma towards the surface which then cooled to give birth to the volcanic rocks which exist there today. A study of the impact of the opening of the South Atlantic on the tectonics of these basins will be made from a geodynamic approach, relying in the first time on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the anomaly map of the total magnetic intensity field reduced to the pole of each basin, then in a second time on the interpretation of the 2D geological models realized on a profile chosen on the anomaly map of the total magnetic intensity field reduced to the pole of each basin. At the end of this study, we will show that the opening of the South Atlantic has similarly impacted the structure of the three basins and the results of the spectral analysis show that the oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust.
An investigation combining remote sensing (Landsat 8) images and ground geoelectricity was carried out in order to remedy deficit in water resources in the Messondo area located in the Nyong and Kelle division, Centre Region, Cameroon.in this region, an . The remote sensing results presented respectively as fractures, fracture density and land use maps, allowed the delineation of densely fractured zones of the basement, which are favourable areas for infiltration and hydraulic capture. These zones are used to guide the geophysical work. The ground geoelectricity combined a 4-line DC and IP tomography survey-oriented SE-NW, boreholes and electrical Schlumberger profiling. After data acquisition, the study identified several conductive anomalies mainly due to the iron bearing gneisses of the basement that would be discriminated between zones of water accumulation and zones of mineralogical concentration. . . The 2D inverse modelling of the geoelectric data depicted the vertical and lateral variations of resistivity and chargeability. The joint analysis of the of these two parameters, combined with the geological observations from the area, allowed the discrimination between the aquifers and the mineralised zones. The 3D models obtained by combining the 2D models then interpolating, permitted to visualise and quantify the aquifers identified in the investigated area. . These models make it possible to distinguish two levels of water accumulation : the first level, spreading over the entire surface, is contained in the porous alterites and forms the surface aquifers that extend to a depth of 39 m, thus defining the thickness of the altered layer. The second level exclusively located to the east of the area, is contained in the fissured gneissic formations.
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