This paper presents 45 radiocarbon dates demonstrating International Bell Beaker cultural contact and interaction with the Island of Mallorca, c. 2500 cal BC to 1300 cal BC. The radiocarbon documentation is accompanied by supporting artefactual and architectural evidence that demonstrates long-range seaborne exchange and a high degree of social complexity outside the Iberian Peninsula. The evidence has been collected over a thirty-four year period from a number of sites which include cave, rock shelter, open-air settlement and ritual contexts. These demonstrate social, religious and economic activities which show an unusually rich variation and complexity, giving indications of social differentiation and local technological skills, such as water-and animalmanagement, architectural construction, as well as lithic, ceramic, metallurgical and other production, over some twelve hundred years.ß
This paper reviews the issue of the peopling of the Dogon Country (Mali) and surrounding regions over the past 3000 years, taking into account the influence of Sahelian paleoclimatic variations as well as archaeological, ethnoarchaeological, and historical data. The integration of all these elements is important in order to understand the conditions of settlement in this region now listed as part of UNESCOÕs natural and cultural world heritage. The new archaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnoarchaeological data presented here were gathered through the international pluridisciplinary research program ''Paleoenvironment and Human Population in West Africa'' begun in 1997. This program is centered on the study of Ounjougou, an area located in the Yamé valley on the Bandiagara Plateau. It includes numerous archaeological sites exposed by recent erosion processes, indicating the presence of human populations from the Lower Paleolithic to present times.
In Entre Ríos, Argentina, corn is one of the most important cereal grains produced, being an important income for the regional economy. The aim of this work was to assess aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) in corn harvest in 2003 and 2004 in the most contaminated departments found in previous studies in selected sampling places. At the harvest time, when the trucks arrived to store plants, samples of corn were taken from seven different positions of the trucks and from five in the trailer. Composite samples were randomised reduced to 10 kg. The samples were analysed by immunological tests, by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and/or gas liquid chromatography-electron capture detector (GLC-ECD). In 2003 average contamination was 3.19 u.g/kg for aflatoxins, 118.5 μg/kg for deoxynivalenol, 230.8 μg/kg for zearalenone and 10200 μg/kg of total fumonisins (HPLC and ELISA quantification showed a linear correlation (r(2) =0.9618), but RIDASCREEN®FAST values were 1.7 higher than HPLC values); in 2004 deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were not detected and an average of 2.0 μg/kg for aflatoxins and 4700 μg/kg for total fumonisins was found.This province, with the earliest harvested corn in the country each summer, tends to display different contaminations from the rest of the provinces, probably due to climate characteristics, particularly hotter weather.
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