Medicinal plants contain various secondary metabolites. The present study analyzed the essential oil of buds from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.; Family: Myrtaceae) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of six major phytoconstituents, such as eugenol (66.01%), caryophyllene (19.88%), caryophyllene oxide (5.80%), phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-acetate (4.55%), and humulene (3.75%). The effect of clove essential oils (CEO) at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w) on the mechanical and barrier properties of starch films was evaluated. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation (E) of films with clove essential oil were 6.25 ± 0.03 MPa and 5.67% ± 0.08%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the films significantly increased the millet starch film and presented the lowest antioxidant activity (0.3%) at a 30 minute incubation for the control sample, while increasing CEO fraction in the starch film lead to an increase in antioxidant activity, and the 3% CEO combined film presented the highest antioxidant activity (15.96%) at 90 min incubation. This finding could be explained by the incorporation of clove oil containing antioxidant properties that significantly increased with the incorporation of CEO (p < 0.05). A zone of inhibition ranging from 16 to 27 mm in diameter was obtained when using a concentration of CEO ranging from 1% to 3%. We also observed the presence of an antimicrobial activity on several tested microorganism including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Trichoderma fungi. Thus, the current study reveals the possibility of using a millet starch edible film as a preservation method.
The present study is to identify the chemical composition of bay leaves (Laurusnobilis L.) protein, oil, ash and carbohydrate which were (7.62, 8.5, 3.63, 50.83)% respectively.This paper reports the concentration of many minerals calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper magnesium, manganese, and zink. calcium and magnesium have the highest concentration(377,550 mg /g) respectively, vitamins concentration also determined riboflavin, ascorbic acid which were (45.33, 2, 0.90 mg/g) respectively. Bay oil.Was extracted from bay leaves(L.nobilis)with petroleum ether using Soxhlet apparatus. Bay oil showed high value in unsaturated fatty acids 55% include oleic,linoleic,linolenic, and saturated fatty acids 45% include laureic, merestic, palmetic, stearic. The present study describe the reducing power and antioxidant activity for alcoholic extracts of bay leaves.rates of antioxidant activity and reducing power increases as the concentrate of bay leaves extract increasedwhich were (173.81%) and (75.61%) respectively at 5% concentration.
Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid organic pigments found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae, and come in a variety of colours including yellow, orange, red, and pink, fund all of these organisms, carotenoids can be complex lipids and other metabolic components. Carotenoids are used in a variety of ways, including as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and food additives.The present study included the isolation of bacteria producing carotenoids pigments that isolated from different sources (soil, food and air) in Basrah, Iraq. Results showed, that out of 24 isolates isolated from above sources which can be produce carotenoids. Ten of those isolates were gave the highest productivity of pigments. Morphological, biochemical, and gene investigations were performed on all 10 isolates. The 16SrRNA sequence analysis of all isolates was recorded as new strains and put in the BDDJ Gene Bank, and the phylogenetic tree of the isolates was constructed using MEGA 6 software. Those strains that are the primary screening for carotenoids production.Bacterial isolates were characterized and identified based on phenotypic properties and molecular techniques. five strains, belonging to genera of Plantibacter flavus BKA3, Sphingobacteruim faccium BKA4, Stenotrophomonas pavanii BKA5, Microbacteruim keltanolyticum BKA6, Brachybacteruim muris BKA12, were isolated from soil and four strains, belonging to genera of Kocuria turfanesis BKA8, Kocuria rosea BKA10, Massilia timonae BKA11, were isolated from air, the strain Pseudomonase cani BkA13 and P. fluorescens BKA2, isolated from food. The carotenoid was extracted by methanol solvent and it’s analyzed by spectrophotometric within 400-600nm and wave length maximum was found at 460nm. The results showed the isolate of K. turfanesis BKA8, reached a height of carotenoid content of 753.11g.gm-1 after 72 hours of shaking culture at 150 rpm in nutrient broth at 27˚C, pH 7.
This study was conducted to extract cellulose and synthesis carboxymethyl cellulose from flour bran. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to confirm the existent of the carboxymethyl group. The sample edible films were prepared using 1, 2, 3, and 4 % CMC, and two types of plasticizers glycerol and sorbitol, (20, 40 and 60) %. Their qualitative, mechanical, reservation and thermal characteristics were studied. Tensile strength ranged 28-51.3 MPa and elongation percentage ranged between 65.5-91.0 %. The thickness of simple cellulose films were 0.018-0.078 mm. The values of solubility (19.05-36.31%) and the permeability values of simple cellulose film increased with the increasing of the plasticized ratio. The highest permeability was 11.99 g.mm/m2.h.kp at 60% glycerol and thermogravimetric analysis for some simple cellulose film plasticized by glycerol were 135, 146.29, 125 and123.23° C.
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