In order to enhance elasticity of carbon fiber, the electron bearn irradiation was homogeneously perfbrmed,The EB irradiatfon largely enhanced the elasticity.Based on the results of bendmg stress'strain curve on epoxy rosin, balsa and carbon fiber, electron beam irradiation increases the strength on epoxy rosin and carbon fiber [[hus, the high'strength of carbon fiber reinforeed plastics was dominated by reinforcements of rosin and carbon fiber Such a new treatment is a drearn'worthy technology to be applied in the field of aerospace and rapid transit, Kley vvard: Chrbcm fiberreinforcedpLasds electron beam imdetion bending stress stw'n INC[[RODUCTIONCarbon fiber reinforced plastics have been
A crack reduction by electron beam (EB) irradiation treatment for carbon fiber, used without the traditional method of accompanying heat, was developed to modify the mechanical properties at lower temperature. The EB treatment improved the resistance to fracture. Namely, the maximum ratio of fractured samples (maxRf) and the minimum bending strain on fracture (minεf) were defined as simple indicators of fracture resistance and became smaller by the EB treatment. Furthermore, a critical density of dangling bonds for a fracture was suggested and determined for carbon fiber treated by EB irradiation. The EB irradiation to reduce cracking and the determination of the critical density of dangling bonds are new concepts that can be broadly applied in the fields of aerospace and rapid-transit production engineering.
We developed a diamond surface that does not mist near the room temperature under a saturated humidity atmosphere, by sheet electron beam irradiation (SEBI) treatment. SEBI treatment decreased the time to clear vision of the diamond surface. Following SEBI treatment for 1.91 s (= 0.72 MGy) to a diamond surface, the time to clear vision was less than 2 s. The effective duration time was a few hours. Based on the results of the size distribution of the drops on the misting-free diamond surface following blowing for 3 s, we proposed an explanation for the short time to clear vision of the diamond surface treated by SEBI.
This paper describes the recent progress in divertor simulation research using the GAMMA 10/PDX tandem mirror towards the development of divertors in fusion reactors. During a plasma flow generation experiment in the end cell of the GAMMA 10/PDX, ICRF heating in the anchor cell successfully extended the particle flux up to 3.3 × 1023 m2 s−1. Superimposing the short pulse of the ECH also attained a maximum heat flux of ~30 MW m−2. We have succeeded in achieving and characterizing the detachment of the high-temperature plasma, which is equivalent to the SOL plasma of tokamaks, by using the divertor simulation experimental module (D-module) in the GAMMA 10/PDX end cell, in spite of using a linear device with a short magnetic field line connection length. Various gases (Ar, Xe, Ne and N2) are examined to evaluate the effect of radiation cooling against the plasma flow at the MW m−2 level in the divertor simulation region and the following results are obtained: (i) Xe gas was most effective in the reduction of heat and particle fluxes (1%, 3%, respectively) and has a stronger effect on electron cooling (down to ~1.6 eV) in the used gas species. (ii) Ne gas was less effective. On the other hand, (iii) N2 gas showed more favorable effects than Ar in the lower pressure range. These results will contribute to the progress in detached plasma operation and in clarifying the radiation cooling mechanism towards the development of future divertors.
A misting free dental mirror is obtained near the human temperature under the saturated humidity atmosphere by use of the sheet electron beam irradiation treatment. It is shown that electron beam irradiation treatment decreases the time to clear vision in a misted mirror. This effect is due to an enhancement of the interfacial energy between the dental mirror glass and water.The steam generated in the mouth often prevents a medical operation. A blur in a medical dental mirror is a very serious problem. The phenomenon is strongly dependent on the wettability of the mirror surface. An argon irradiation modifies the wettability. 1,2 However, argon atoms are incorporated in the sample during irradiation. 3 Since the impurity atoms are slowly released, the surface conditions deteriorate. By using an electron beam (E.B.) irradiation, a reproducible surface condition can be obtained. Furthermore, the E.B. irradiation is applicable for a sterilization. In this paper, the effect of the E.B. irradiation on the clear time (t c ) is investigated for a misted dental mirror glass.The sheet electron beam irradiation was homogeneously performed by an electrocurtain processor (Type: CB 175/15/180L, ; Iwasaki Electric Group Company). 3 -5 Figure 1 shows the schematic drawing of the apparatus. The acceleration potential and the irradiating current were 170 kV and 4 mA, respectively. In order to avoid sample heating, the several irradiation steps, each lasting only at 0.38 s, were used to reach the final dose. The temperature was below 323 K just after the irradiation. The electron beam irradiation was performed under a protective nitrogen gas with the atmospheric pressure in the apparatus. The oxygen concentration was less than 400 ppm in the atmosphere. The irradiation dose D (Mrad) is proportional to the electron beam irradiation time t i (s) according to D 24 3 t i .(1)The effectiveness of the electron beam treatment was evaluated by measuring the time (t c ) necessary to get clear vision of the mirror surface misted by the steam. FIG. 1. Schematic diagram of electrocurtain processor.3368
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