DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that play a major role in initiating the antitumor immune response. Although the clinical significance of TIDCs has been investigated in a variety of human cancers, few studies have focused on the in situ maturation status of DCs. We have analyzed the maturation-specific significance of TIDCs in the prognosis of patients with breast carcinoma. We evaluated 130 breast carcinomas for the presence of TIDCs using immunohistochemistry with an anti-CD1a antibody for immature DCs and an anti-CD83 antibody for mature DCs. Intratumoral expression of immunosuppressive cytokines was also examined. All samples contained CD1a ؉ TIDCs, and 82 (63.1%) samples contained CD83 ؉ TIDCs. The number of CD83 ؉ TIDCs was inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis and with tissue expression of VEGF and TGF-, whereas the number of CD1a ؉ TIDCs was not. Kaplan-Meier analysis (log rank statistics) revealed a significant association of increasing number of CD83 ؉ TIDCs with longer relapsefree (p ؍ 0.002) and overall (p < 0.001) survival. Furthermore, among patients with lymph node metastasis, the survival rate of those with larger numbers of CD83 ؉ TIDCs was significantly better than that of patients with fewer CD83 ؉ TIDCs. Multivariate analysis revealed that CD83 ؉ TIDCs had independent prognostic relevance in breast carcinomas. The infiltration of tumors by mature DCs expressing CD83 may be of great importance in initiating the primary antitumor immune response and is confirmed as an independent, immunologic prognostic parameter for survival in patients with breast cancer.
Purpose: Detection of novel tumor-related antigens and autoantibodies will aid in diagnosis of early-stage cancer and in development of more effective immunotherapies. The purpose of this study was to identify novel tumor antigens in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line (TE-2) and related autoantibodies in sera from patients with ESCC using a proteomicsbased approach. Experimental Design: TE-2 proteins were separated by two-dimensional PAGE, followed by Western blot analysis in which sera of patients with ESCC, healthy controls, and patients with other cancers were tested for primary antibodies. Positive spots were excised from silver-stained gels and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). Results: Sera from patients with ESCC yielded multiple spots, one of which was identified as peroxiredoxin (Prx) VI by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Western blot analysis against recombinant Prx VI showed reactivity in sera from 15 of 30 (50%) patients with ESCC and 2 of 30 (6.6%) healthy individuals. Autoantibody against PrxVI was found in sera from 1of 30 (3.3%) patients with other types of cancer (colon cancer). Conclusion: We have identified for the first time an autoantibody against PrxVI in ESCC patients. The proteomic approach implemented here offers a powerful tool for identifying novel serum markers that may display clinical usefulness against cancer.
Pectin was isolated from sunflower head residues, using 0.75% sodium hexametaphosphate extraction followed by acid precipitation. The yield of pectin was7.3% of the head residues. The isolated pectin contained 89.2% anhydrogalacturonic acid, 2% acetyl ester, and 4.2% neutral sugars, which were mainly rhamnose and glucose. The degree of mcthylation was 38.5%. The pectin had a high viscosity (527 cp at 1% level) at pH 3 and a high water-holding capacity (57g water/g organic matter). The peak molecular mass of the sunflower pectin was > 523,000 daltons.
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