This paper deals with simulation/modelling, controlling of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in PV systems to maximize the output power of photovoltaic system, irradiation conditions irrespective of the temperature of VI characteristics of load. In this research an important maximum power point tracking technique has been developed, consisting a boost converter, which is controlling pulse given by a microcontroller-based unit. The method used in the proposed PV system for tracking maximum power is perturb & observe algorithm which is directly used to take control action by duty cycle of converter for varying load voltage, thus the complexity of the PV system will be reduced. The result has high-efficiency, lower-cost and can be easily controlled and modified to handle more energy sources. MPPT is a fully electronic system. It varies the electrical operating point of the modules so that they are able to deliver maximum available power.
Background and objective: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its early detection usually performed with low quality clinical images. Due to unpredictable structure of breast and characterization of the cancer, disease in early stages is yet a difficult issue for specialists and analysts. The accurate identification of breast cancer is an important step in its early stage to avoid survival rate. With the advancement in the field of medical science, advancements have created to a phase where the medicinal services industry demonstrates to give best outcomes most definitely. Methods: It is observed that the breast cancer images are analyzed after decompression during telecommunications. In this paper, first we aimed to compressed malignant cancer images so that it could illuminate the motivation behind the telemedicine by applying preprocessing techniques and second identification, classifications of breast cancer disease depend on segmentation using discrete cosine transformation and discrete wavelet transformation. Results: Segmentation addresses the problem to know the characteristics of malignant cancer. The segmented image eliminates the false positives, to obtain a clear-segmented image. Segmentation methods based on a structural approach to isolate the breast edge and a region approach to extract the malignant portion. The result of image quality index achieved the output based on fusion techniques. Conclusion: Because of the unpredictable structure of the breast and low quality of clinical images, a precise discovering, position, and characterization of the disease in early stages is yet a difficult issue for specialists and analysts. The breast cancer could detected and segmented if highly efficient image compression achieved successfully. The conclusion procedure of disease infection is time taking which required storage capacity limit in computer system. A large number of Magnetic Resonance Imaging assembled per understanding and an enormous assortment for each wiped out individual required huge space for capacity just as a wide transmission transfer speed for computer system framework and again additionally for transmission over the web. Our proposed method can be useful for accurate and automatic classification of malignant cells from medical images by the specialist. With the goal that genuine cases would be created novel outcomes and improved endurance rates.
AC power & energy standard of National Physical Laboratory, India (NPLI) is responsible for maintenance of national measurement standard of ac power & energy and international traceability through intercomparisons. It serves as the basis for dissemination of traceability in measurement through high level calibration and measurement services to the various user organizations in the country. It also supports and helps the industries in improving the measurement assurance systems through interlaboratory proficiency testing (PT) program and in solving actual field problems. Power measurement at zero power factors using zero power factor standards is described as it is used in intercomparison. The performance of energy meters under the various influence quantities is described as a service to the industries.
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