A magnetic filtration has firstly been applied to the phosphate removal from wastewater by using schwertmannite, which is ferric oxyhydroxide sulfate with high capacity of phosphate adsorption. High efficiency of phosphate removal without using magnetic seeding was obtained at magnetic intensities of around 1 Tesla, which means no necessity to use a superconducting magnet. The kinetics data of phosphate adsorption have been found to be fitted well with a pseudo-second-order model and adsorption equilibrium data have been explained by the Langmuir isotherm. The effect of pH on the phosphate adsorption in this process was characterized by zeta potential measurement. It is proposed that ligand exchange is a dominant mechanism responsible for phosphate adsorption on schwertmannite.
Due to the development of superconducting magnets, the magnetic filtration process is now undergoing its biggest evolution since its conception. In Japan, the first industrial superconducting magnetic filter has been successfully applied for factory wastewater treatment. Much effort in both theory and practice is needed to further contribute to the new developments of this high gradient magnetic filtration process. In this substantial review, we have collected the most important theoretical and practical data about magnetic filtration, its recovery and design to establish a good framework for further development of this amazing technology.Index Terms-Electromagnetic processing of materials, high gradient magnetic field, superconducting filter, wastewater treatment.
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