In Egypt, workers have potentially high exposure levels to chromium (VI) in the cement production and construction industry and to chromium (III) in the leather tanning industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chromium exposure on lipoperoxidation, thiol antioxidants and DNA in cement and tannery workers. This study was conducted on 65 adult male volunteers. These subjects were divided into three groups: Group I (control group); 23 normal healthy volunteers, Group II; 22 cement workers and Group III; 20 tannery workers. All participants were subjected to thorough history, clinical examination and laboratory determination of total blood and urinary chromium, plasma malondialdehyde and total thiol in plasma and assessment of oxidative DNA damage through p53 overexpression. About one third of cement and tannery workers had severe skin and chest manifestations and severe nasal manifestations were observed in 22.7% and 20% of cement and tannery workers, respectively. The blood and urinary Cr and plasma malondialdehyde levels of cement and tannery were significantly higher than control group. Additionally, there was a significant increase of total thiol in control group compared to exposed groups. About half of cement and one third of tannery groups expressed high grade of p53 expression. The blood chromium revealed significant negative correlation with thiol, but, positive correlation with malondialdehyde and p53 expression. Cement and tannery workers should be subjected to frequent clinical examination and blood or urine chromium analysis level to keep guard against its toxic consequences.

Acute poisoning is a frequent cause of admission to emergency departments and intensive care units, as it is considered as an important medical emergency requiring early diagnosis and rapid initiation of therapy. The aim of the present study was to assess characteristics, and outcomes of acutely intoxicated patients who were admitted to ICU. Also, design a scoring system regarding priority for ICU admission. The present study was carried out on 40 patients who were admitted to intensive care unit of El Mansoura General Hospitals-Egypt during a period of 6 months. Personal, toxicological, and medical histories, clinical examination and routine investigations were recorded for each patient. At discharge; all patients were reassessed for determination of patients' outcome. The patients were mostly females, single; student aged less than 30 years and from rural areas. The majority of the patients (72.5%) were recovered, 22.5% were died and 5% were referred to hyperbaric oxygen therapy units after carbon monoxide intoxication. Many patients were presented by constricted pupil (45%), respiratory depression (42.5%), altered mental status (42.5%), tachycardia (47.5%), and nausea & vomiting (75%). The highest numbers of cases were poisoned by medicinal drugs (40%) followed by agricultural chemicals (35%). Statistically significant difference between occupation, toxicological amount & frequency, pulse rate, Glasgow coma score, PH & PCO2 and type of poison (zinc phosphide) and patient outcomes was observed. Although many of the patients' characteristics were significantly associated with patient outcome yet none of them was considered significant predictors for death. So, the suggested scoring system depended mainly on clinical data and simple rapid investigation that may be helpful for rapid assessment of the patients after further validation. We recommend the presence of a channel of communication between the general care centers and the poison control centers for consultation about the protocol of treatment of poisoned patients. Nationwide, a mechanism of communication between the poison centers must be done to benefit from the different expertise and to make a uniform protocol for treatment of poisoned cases to decrease the mortality rate and the burden on hospitals resources.

Poisoning or intoxication is the occurrence of harmful effects resulting from exposure to a foreign substance. According to the Center for Disease Control, approximately 1 million of the 110 million annual emergency department (ED) visits are related to poisoning and other toxic effects. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive, relatively inexpensive diagnostic test that provides important information regarding not only the heart, but also non-cardiac events impacting the cardiac system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrocardiographic changes conducted on 282 cases of acute poisoning admitted to Tanta Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta Emergency University Hospital during the period from the start of July-2009 to the end of June-2010. In order to fulfill this aim, each patient was subjected to history taking, complete physical examination, laboratory investigations and ECG analysis. This study found that poisons associated with ECG changes account for 58.5 % of patients included in this study. Furthermore, 36.17% of patients are mainly in the middle age group between 20 and 30 years. Organophosphorus compounds (34.4%) were responsible for most cases of intoxication of ECG changes. Sinus tachycardia (73.94%) was the commonest ECG change among them. Followed by prolonged QT corrected for heart rate (QTc) interval (21.82 %) and sinus bradycardia (11.51 %).

Background: Burns continue to be a medical, psychological and economic problem in developed and developing countries. Burns in Egypt represent a major problem as compared with heart diseases, malignancy and road accidents. Objectives: Accordingly, this work was conducted to study the medico legal aspects of burned cases and the magnitude of burn problem in Burn Unit in Tanta University Hospital. Study design: This study was cross sectional, conducted over six months where (160) burned cases admitted to Burn Unit in Tanta University hospital from the start of March 2013 to the end of August 2013. All the patients were included except old burn injuries. Patients were interviewed, clinically examined and investigated, and then data were collected in a specially designed sheet for every patient. Results: One hundred and sixty cases admitted to Burn Unit in Tanta University Hospital during a period of six months from the start of March 2013 to the end of August 2013. The highest percentage of patients was among the age group less than 10 years (38.125%). The majority of the studied cases were distributed among males (58.1%) in rural areas (61.9%). Burns at home constituted (84.4%) of burns. Concerning the agent causing burn, flame constituted (51.9%) followed by scald (37.5%), chemical (6.3%) and electrical burns (4.4%). Most flame burns were due to explosion of gas cylinder. Most burns were of second degree (49.37%), distributed all over the body (43.8%) and involved 15-30% total body surface area (TBSA) (40%). Accidental burns accounted for 95% of all cases followed by suicidal and homicidal cases (3.1 and 1.9% respectively). All suicidal cases were females, caused by flame and distributed all over the body with involvement of more than 60% TBSA. While homicidal cases were males in urban areas. Respiratory complications were the commonest cause of death (38.9%). It could be concluded that intensive educational programs concerning burn dangers, proper prevention, safety measures and regular servicing of gas appliances must be followed. Psychological autopsy is needed in suicidal cases.

S101 reporting or allowing the calculation of animals exceeding the respective ToDs were included. Additionally, results from sensory evaluation of meat from PC and IC pigs were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: In total 17 (skatole level) and 18 (androstenone level) studies were included in meta-analysis. The risk of exceeding the ToDs was low and not different between IC pigs and PC pigs (exceeding ToD for skatole: RD= 0.004, P= 0.178; for androstenone: RD= 0.000, P= 0.805). Accordingly, immunization against GnRF is as effective as physical castration in avoiding boar taint. Results were confirmed by sensory evaluations of meat performed by consumer and expert panels in a total of 28 experiments on 1,299 different pork samples. CONCLUSIONS: IC pigs are similarly rated as PC pigs in the consumer sensory results analyzed. From consumers' perspective, the anti-GnRF vaccination is a better choice compared to physical castration, as it is similarly effective in avoiding boar taint without leading to animal suffering and increased mortality.