The phenomenon of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is important to understand the operation and stability of the power system. The system becomes vulnerable to SSR oscillations due to series compensation that is unavoidable as it enhances transmission capability. So different alleviation measure is necessary, and this paper presents a novel control with the implementation of fuzzy logic control (FLC) and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for the abatement of SSR using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). This control can compensate for reactive power as well as alleviate SSR oscillations.Both the proposed controllers have the inherent capability to overcome the limitation of proportional and integral (PI) in a non-linear framework. In the proposed control, the use of a phase-locked loop is eliminated, thus providing a faster response. Thus, the proposed algorithm highly enhances the capability of STATCOM in controlling the level of series compensation, which results in a substantial reduction of the SSR oscillations. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, an IEEE second benchmark model is simulated.Furthermore, the dynamics of SSR are put forth through various analyses, such as, eigenvalue analysis, frequency scan, fast Fourier analysis, and timedomain analysis, which helps to better understand the problem of SSR.
The world today is plagued with problems of increased transmission and distribution (T&D) losses leading to poor reliability due to power outages and an increase in the expenditure on electrical infrastructure. To address these concerns, technology has evolved to enable the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like solar, wind, diesel and biomass energy into small scale self-governing power system zones which are known as micro-grids (MGs). A de-centralised approach for modern power grid systems has led to an increased focus on distributed energy resources and demand response. MGs act as complete power system units albeit on a small scale. However, this does not prevent them from large operational sophistication allowing their independent functioning in both grid-connected and stand-alone modes. MGs provide greater reliability as compared to the entire system owing to the large amount of information secured from the bulk system. They comprise numerous sources like solar, wind, diesel along with storage devices and converters. Several modeling schemes have been devised to reduce the handling burden of large scale systems. This paper gives a detailed review of MGs and their architecture, state space representation of wind energy conversion systems & solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, operating modes and power management in a MG and its impact on a distribution network.
The presented work employs the multiple random feature kernel mean p-power algorithm (MRFKMP) for the voltage source converter (VSC) control of a three-phase four-wire grid-tied dual-stage photovoltaic-hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to achieve multiple objectives during various induced dynamic conditions. The proposed control enables the VSC to accomplish manifold goals, i.e., reactive power compensation, power quality enhancement, load, power balancing at common coupling point and grid voltage balancing during unity power factor mode of operation. The proposed system is scrutinized under steady-state and numerous dynamic states such as irradiation variation, specified power mode, abnormal grid voltage, load, and grid voltage unbalancing. The seamless control facilitates the swift resynchronization of the grid as well as maintaining stability during islanding and re-synchronization operations while satisfying the necessary load requirements. The associated HESS consisting of battery and ultra-capacitor is competent enough in managing the interruptions occurring on the grid, load and photovoltaic side. The DC bus voltage is controlled by the PI controller, which is tuned by the generalized normal distribution algorithm and kept at the desired level during diverse operating conditions. The optimized DC bus generates an accurate loss component of current and further enhances the VSC performance. The proposed system is investigated by simulation and found acceptable as per IEEE 519 standards.
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