The sequence of the preceding crops in a no-tillage farming system, could interact with the integrated use of mineral and organic nitrogen (N) sources in a way that improves the growth and productivity of the terminal maize crop, meanwhile, enhancing its N use efficiency (NUE). In the current study, six legume-cereal crop sequences, including faba bean, soybean, Egyptian clover, wheat, and maize were evaluated along two experimental rotations that ended up by planting the terminal maize crop. In addition, the effects of applying variable mineral nitrogen (MN) rates with and without the incorporation of farmyard manure (FYM) on the productive performance of maize and its NUE were tested. The field experiments were conducted in a no-tillage irrigated farming system in Northern Egypt, a location that is characterized by its arid, Mediterranean climate. Results revealed that increasing the legume component in the evaluated crop sequences, up to 75%, resulted in improved maize ear leaf area, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, thus, a higher final grain yield, with the inclusion of Egyptian clover was slightly better than faba bean. Comparing the crop sequences with 50% legume contribution uncovered the positive effects of soybean preceding crop on the terminal maize crop. Substituting 25% of the applied MN with FYM resulted in similar maize yields to the application of the equivalent 100% MN rates. The fertilizer treatments significantly interacted with the crop sequences in determining the maize grain yield, where the highest legume crop contribution in the crop sequence (75%) equalized the effects of the different fertilizer treatments on maize grain yield. The integrated use of FYM with MN in maize fertilization improved the NUE compared to the application of MN alone. Comparing fertilization treatments with similar MN content, with and without FYM, revealed that the difference in NUE was attributed to the additional amount of FYM. In similar conditions to the current study, it is recommended to grow faba bean two years before maize, while Egyptian clover could be grown directly preceding maize growth, with frequent inclusion of soybean in the sequence, this could be combined with the application of an average of 200 kg MN ha−1 in addition to FYM.
T WO FIELD experiments were conducted during 2016/2017 winter seasons at Fuka Research Station, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh Governorate (North West Coast of Egypt, N= 31 o 04 ', E= 27 o 54 '). This work aimed to evaluate the response of three wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) i.e.; Misr 2, Giza 168 and Sids 12 cultivars under three sowing dates (15 th November, 30 th November and 15 th December and three treatments of biofertilizer (Control, Blue green algae (BGA) "Gorn 19" and Micobine). A split-split plot design with three replicates was used in both seasons. The main plots were devoted to three wheat cultivars and the sub plots were occupied by the three sowing dates whereas, the sub-sub plots were assigned to the three biofertilizer treatment. Field experiment results indicated that under Matrouh condition, Sids 12 cultivar, gave higher values for plant height, No. of grains/spike, 100 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index compare to other cultivars (Misr 2 and Giza 168). In addition, early sowing at Nov, 15 and using BGA as biofertilizer significantly increased all studied characters. Regression analysis for grain yield and yield components, results indicating that the highest effect for delayed sowing was detected for no. of spikes/m 2 (-1.37 and -1.40) while, the least effect was estimated for 100 grain weight (-0.86 and -1.54) for two seasons, respectively.
The concept of stability is important for the selection of the crop cultivars and in the breeding programs. The aim of this work was to evaluate the productivity of some bread wheat cultivars under rainfed conditions of different locations in the NWCZ of Egypt. Results of the current study showed that the studied cultivars performed differently in the different environment. AMMI analysis revealed that the environment was responsible for most of the cultivars yields variation also AMMI2 bi-plot revealed that East Barrani in the first season was the most favorable environment for all cultivars, and Sakha 94 was the superior cultivar in this environment. According to the Eberhart and Russel (1966), Sakha 94 was the most stable cultivar followed by Misr-1 Sakha-93 cultivar is considered as the most stable high yielding genotypes under both moderate and severe drought conditions.
Two field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 summer seasons, at the Experimental Research Station, Alexandria University, Egypt, to investigate the response of grain maize and fodder maize crops grown in associations to three N levels; i.e, 252 (N1), 288 (N2) and 324 (N3) kg N/ha and three cutting dates; i.e., C1= (45), C2= (60) and C3= (75) days after sowing (DAS). The most important results are summarized as follows: 1) The two studied factors significantly affected plant height, ear leaf area, ear weight, 100-grain weight, grain yield and harvest index for grain maize, as well as green fodder yield/ha and percent of dry matter in fresh fodder in both seasons. 2) Each crop gave the highest and lowest values for its characters when they received, respectively, N3 and N1 levels, as well as at 75 and 45 DAS periods of association. 3) The highest NUE of the intercrops to that of pure maize (RNUE) was obtained with the highest N level over the two seasons. 4) The highest values of dry matter equivalent ratio (DMER) amounted to 1.23 and 1.26 (for N3), while, the lowest ones were 0.99 and 1.00 (for N1 level), corresponding to 1.25 and 1.29 for (C3), as well as, 1.09 and 1.10 for (C1) in 2013 and 2014 seasons, respectively.
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