Sinusitis, cellulitis, preseptal, abscess.
PURPOSE:To report the causes of permanent severe visual impairment and blindness among Jordanian blind people.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was conducted on 1422 legally blind or worse vision people of all ages who attended the ophthalmic division of a medical committee for evaluation of disabled persons from July 2013 through November 2014. They were divided into two age groups: adult group (998 cases) and childhood group (<16 years, 424 cases). Patients presented reports from their ophthalmologists detailing their eye examination including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examinations, and if applicable, intraocular pressure, dilated ophthalmoscopy, and visual field and the primary cause of visual impairment. Blind defined as best-corrected visual acuity < 6/60 (20/200) and/or visual field of 20° or less.RESULTS:Retinitis pigmentosa was the most common cause of blindness among adult group (29.7%) followed by diabetic retinopathy (19.9%) and glaucoma (15.8%). Congenital whole-globe malformations were the most common cause of blindness among childhood cases (16.7%) followed by retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (15.8%) and retinal dystrophies (13.9%). Overall, blindness related to genetic diseases, illnesses, and trauma was present at 56.5% (803), 41.7% (593), and 1.8% (26) of cases, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Genetic diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma were the dominant causes of blindness among adults, while whole-globe malformation, ROP, and retinal dystrophies were the dominant causes of childhood blindness. These major causes of blindness should be considered in future public health and nongovernmental organizations strategies for blindness prevention in Jordan.
Objectives: To investigate the causes of severe visual impairment among Jordanians with type II diabetes mellitus and its associated systemic factors. . After getting the ethical approval and taking a consent form, all patients with type II diabetes mellitus who attended the medical retina clinic in the ophthalmology department and found to have best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of less than 6/12 in the best eye were included in the study. The patients were subjected to detailed ophthalmic exam including best corrected visual acuity using Snellen chart, anterior segment exam using slit lamp bio-microscopy, intra-ocular pressure measurement using Golmann applanation tonometry and posterior segment exam using 78 and 90 diopter lens. The patients were divided into two groups; Group A where the best corrected vision in the good eye is 6/60 or worse and Group B where vision in the good eye is less than 6/12 and better than 6/60. The outcome of ocular exam in both groups was recorded and compared and the overall data were analyzed using the Excel.Results: Ninety-three patients aged between 43 and 80 years (mean 63.1± 12) were included in the study, 55% of them were males with a ratio of 1.2: 1. The duration of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) ranged between 5 and 30 years (mean 14.4± 5 years).The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ranged between 6.2% and 12% (mean 8.7± 1.2). Sixty-five patient (70%) had BCVA less than 6/12 and better than 6/60 while 28 patients (30%) had BCVA of 6/60 or less. In Group A, 20 patients (70.4%) had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) while the remaining patients had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). On the other hand PDR was found only in 11 patients (16.9%) in Group B, 46 patients (70.8%) in this group had NPDR and 8 patients (12.3%) had no DR. Macular edema was found in 86.2% of patients with severe visual impairment. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and renal failure were present in 46%, 19% and 13% of the patients, respectively, and showed statistically significant association with severe visual loss (P value <0.01). Age more than 63 years and duration of DM more than 10 years also showed significant association. Conclusion: legal blindness is frequently found among Jordanian diabetics at king Hussein Medical Centre. The most common ocular finding in patients with severe visual impairment (best corrected visual acuity is 6/60 or less) is macular edema. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia , renal failure, age more than 63 years and duration of DM more than 10 years showed statistically significant association.
Objective: To characterize the ocular and peri-ocular findings in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis at Prince Ali Bin Al-Hussein Military Hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Data were collected from patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis from June 2012 till January 2013. The medical files were reviewed to report medical, surgical and ophthalmic history of all candidate patients. All patients underwent full ophthalmic examination on day one of recruitment. Results: Forty-four patients (87 eyes) were reported. Mean age was 56.9 years (56.9 ±12.5). Male to female ratio was 2:1. Aetiologies of chronic renal failure were: Hypertension (n=17, 39%), glomerulonephritis (n=13, 30%), and diabetes mellitus (n=10, 23%). Some other aetiologies were also found like: Small kidney (n=4, 9%), renal stones (n=2, 5%), polycystic kidney (n=2, 5%), familial (n=2, 5%) and analgesic nephropathy (n=1, 2%). Ocular findings were seen in 75 eyes (86%), including lid edema (n=66, 76%)), conjunctival congestion (n=54, 62%), cataract (n=47, 54%), and dry eye (n=44, 51%). Conclusion: Ocular and peri-ocular findings were frequent in chronic renal failure patients who were undergoing hemodialysis, which urges regular ophthalmic examination to detect and treat sight threatening complications early.
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