SummaryThe solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) has always been a diagnostic challenge for the radiologists. Currently, with increased utilization of computed tomography (CT) greater number of nodules is being discovered, with numerous indeterminate lesions, which frequently cannot be immediately classified into benign or malignant category.In this article we review the imaging features of benign and malignant round opacities; we demonstrate currently used standards and also more advanced techniques that are helpful in evaluating SPNs such as contrast-enhanced CT, PET/CT imaging and also pathologic sampling with biopsy or surgical resection.We also summarize the methods of evaluating and managing SPNs based on the latest guidelines from the Fleischner Society and American College of Chest Physicians.
SummaryPulmonary emphysema, together with chronic bronchitis is a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and worldwide. There are many methods to diagnose emphysema. Unfortunately many of them, for example pulmonary function tests (PFTs), clinical signs and conventional radiology are able to detect emphysema usually in its late stages when a great portion of lung parenchyma has been already destroyed by the disease. Computed tomography (CT) allows for early detection of emphysema. CT also makes it possible to quantify the total amount of emphysema in the lungs which is important in order to precisely estimate the severity of the disease. Those abilities of CT are important in monitoring the course of the disease and in attempts to prevent its further progression. In this review we discuss currently available methods for imaging emphysema with emphasis on the quantitative assessment of emphysema. To date, quantitative methods have not been widely used clinically, however, the initial results of several research studies regarding this subject are very encouraging.
Ultrasound-guided renal mass biopsy is a safe and effective method for the diagnosis of renal masses with a low rate of nondiagnostic outcomes. A nondiagnostic biopsy should not be treated as a surrogate for a diagnosis since a significant number of patients with nondiagnostic biopsies have subsequently been shown to have renal malignancies. Repeat biopsy should be considered in such cases.
Artykuł poświęcony jest nowatorskiej formule szkolenia, która wykorzystuje narzędzie nowoczesnej technologii w postaci symulatora kierowania pojazdami uprzywilejowanymi. Za główny cel artykuł przyjmuje prezentację wyników tzw. badań efektywności doskonalenia zawodowego oraz badań sondażowych przeprowadzonych wśród absolwentów szkolenia w zakresie kierowania pojazdami uprzywilejowanymi — zarówno funkcjonariuszy Policji, jak i żołnierzy Żandarmerii Wojskowej, którzy przedmiotowe szkolenie odbyli w Wyższej Szkole Policji w Szczytnie w latach 2018–2020. Ocenie bezpośrednio po zakończeniu szkoleń poddano zagadnienia takie jak: program kursu, zakres zdobytych podczas kursu wiedzy i umiejętności praktycznych, jak również ogólny poziom zadowolenia respondentów z uczestnictwa w szkoleniu. Z kolei badaniom sondażowym przyświecało dokonanie weryfikacji wpływu treningu symulacyjnego w ramach szkolenia na realny, rzeczywisty zakres i sposób realizowanych przez jego absolwentów zadań służbowych, w ramach których wykorzystują pojazdy służbowe jako pojazdy uprzywilejowane.
The main objective of the article is to present the results of the evaluation carried out among participants of a specialist training course for police operations commanders which was offered by the Police Academy in Szczytno in 2014–2019. The course in question uses a police operations simulator as a modern technology tool for responding to emergencies. Both the functionality of the simulator and a modern form of simulation training, which has replaced the previous theoretical work based on paper maps, have completely changed the methods employed for in-service training, thanks to which teaching outcomes can be achieved more effectively, and police offi cers’ skills can be developed and refi ned with practice. The use of the police operations simulator for training purposes improves police command and control systems and increases the level of in-service training received by commanding offi cers, which in turn results in an effective management of human and material resources while carrying out police operations targeted at the maintenance of public order and safety at major events, including sports events, public gatherings and ceremonies, and any different forms of disturbance to public order. Evaluated have been the following issues: assessment of the training course curriculum, the knowledge and practical skills acquired during the course, and the level of satisfaction of the respondents with their participation in the course. Of key importance has been to identify the extent to which the Police Academy’s training efforts and research projects in the area of internal security affect the development of the system of in-service training offered to police offi cers.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.