Introduction. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO) are chronic immune-mediated diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). Environmental factors such as month of birth can be a trigger for these diseases. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare the months of birth in MS and NMOSD patients with the control group. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 2345 patients with MS, 220 NMOSD patients, and 2174 healthy subjects were enrolled. Demographic information such as age, sex, month of birth, and education in three groups was extracted from the database. The associations between month of birth and MS were studied by binary logistic regression with adjusting for the year of birth. Results. There was a reduced birth rate in September-October in NMOSD ( OR = 0.309 , 95% CI: 0.150-0.636; p < 0.001 ) and MS patients ( OR = 0.470 , 95% CI: 0.374-0.591; p < 0.001 ) compared to the general population. The birth rate in March-April in MS was higher than the control group ( OR = 1.613 , 95% CI: 1.324-1.964; p < 0.001 ). There was no difference in the birth month distribution between the NMOSD and MS patients. No significant difference in MOB among different MS types was found. Conclusion. Our findings showed a decreasing risk of NMOSD and MS in individuals born in the autumn months and an increasing MS risk in spring. More studies are required to elucidate the association between the month of birth and risk of MS and NMOSD and the seasonality factors.
Purpose As COVID-19 was uncovered, it became evident that specific individuals could experience multi-organ complications for quite a while after infection. Among them, there were several cardiovascular complications. Myocardial perfusion imaging single photon emission computed tomography (MPI SPECT) can be utilized to detect and evaluate cardiac problems regardless of whether COVID caused them. By examining all publications relevant to the impacts of the pandemic on SPECT MPI imaging, we aimed to understand how the COVID pandemic affected different aspects of the MPI, how intense these effects were, and what the consequences were. Method On the 6th of June, 2022, a four-domain search strategy was developed and implemented by searching the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The retrieved records have been put through two levels of screening. The search for forward and backward citations provided more results. Results This study contained 32 papers, divided into the following three categories: 1. Case reports and series; 2. A comparison of the number of MPIs conducted before and after the pandemic; and 3. SPECT MPI findings. Conclusion We observed through the article review that CT scans performed in combination with MPI are crucial and should be interpreted within the context of COVID, especially during outbreaks. Moreover, we discovered that in the initial months of the pandemic, the number of SPECT MPIs performed globally decreased, with the fall being more significant in some countries, primarily in low- to middle-income regions. Lastly, we found that individuals with a history of COVID-19 may be more prone to having MPIs that demonstrate abnormalities, such as ischemia. Graphical abstract
Coexisting medical conditions in pregnancy significantly increase the risk of adverse outcomes for both the mother and fetus. Understanding and managing these conditions is essential to mitigating this risk. Because the issues mentioned herein tend to be less common, is it all the more imperative that they be recognized quickly, identified correctly, and treated appropriately when they do occur. These include autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP), therapeutic anticoagulation with neuraxial anesthesia, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, HIV infection, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and abuse of substances such as cocaine and marijuana. All of these can have considerable implications on peripartum physiology and the subsequent anesthesia management of pregnant patients with these conditions. The goal here is not for comprehensiveness, but rather to give the reader concise, pertinent details that can be referenced quickly to guide appropriate peripartum management of anesthesia.
Polyoxymethylene (POM) gears have significant roles in the accuracy, robustness and stability of diaphragm gas meters. Therefore, in an attempt to enhance the properties of POM, four different POM-Cloisite 20A nanocomposites were produced in this study. Later tensile and bending strengths, hardness and Vicat softening temperature test, TGA, DSC, SEM and XRD were employed to experimentally evaluate, compare and contrast the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of those nano-composites. The results proved that proper melt-mixing of 1% nanoparticle into the polymer matrix could lead to an exfoliated nanocomposite that enhanced the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, yield stress, tensile and bending strengths and hardness) more than the other samples; however it reduced the degradation temperature. Finally, it did not significantly affect the melting temperature. These experimental results provide promising indications that the nano-based POM gears can exhibit better mechanical properties; hence ensuring an extended and robust performance of diaphragm gas meters.
Review question / Objective: The aims of this study are: 1. To compare urinary complications of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy(RARP) and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP) in patients with prostate cancer; 2. To compare sexual complications of RARP and LRP in patients with prostate cancer. Condition being studied: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer; according to 2018 statistics, prostate cancer was responsible for 7.1% of all cancer in men. The primary intervention in such patients is radical prostatectomy surgery (RP), which could be performed in different methods in patients that cancer has not spread beyond the prostate gland or has not spread much. One of the most common types of RP is laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. There are several techniques for performing RP; two are Conventional Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (LRP) and Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP). Sexual and urinary difficulties can occur in prostate cancer patients due to cancer itself or the treatment. Like any treatment option and surgery, radical prostatectomy can carry risks, like urinary(e.g., incontinency) and sexual complications(e.g., Impotence). In this review, we compared urinary and sexual complications of LRP and RARP.
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