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RESUMOA criação intensiva de frango gera uma grande quantidade de resíduos ricos em nutrientes cujo uso agrícola pode ser viabilizado pelos produtores, na adubação das culturas comerciais. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da fertilização com cama de frango na recuperação física de um Latossolo. O experimento foi instalado em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, textura média, sob pastagem degradada de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. Os tratamentos estudados foram: 0, 1.200, 2.400, 4.800 kg ha -1 de cama-frango e 2.400 kg ha -1 de cama-frango + adubação mineral com 36 kg ha -1 N, 60 kg ha -1 K 2 O e 60 kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 . As aplicações foram realizadas em janeiro de 2004 e o solo amostrado em duas épocas distintas (60 e 210 dias após aplicação), nas profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm, para a caracterização dos atributos físicos: argila dispersa em água, grau de floculação, densidade do solo e porosidade total. O teor de argila dispersa em água decresceu com o aumento das doses de cama aplicadas e, conseqüentemente, houve um incremento no grau de floculação; houve uma pequena redução na densidade do solo e na porosidade total. Os atributos físicos do solo avaliados responderam com maior intensidade às aplicações de cama de frango nas doses variando de 2.666 a 3.750 kg ha -1 . Termos para indexação:Atributos físicos do solo, adubação orgânica, cama de aves. ABSTRACTPoultry facilities generate great amount of residues rich in nutrients, which may be used by farmers to fertilize their crops. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the fertilization with chicken manure on the physical recovery of the structure of a Latosol. The experiment was carried out in a loamy typic dystrophic Red Latosol, at Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. degraded pastureland. The treatments were: 0; 1,200; 2,400; 4,800 kg ha -1 of chicken manure; and 2,400 kg ha -1 of chicken manure + chemical fertilizer with 36 kg ha -1 N; 60 kg ha -1 of K 2 O; and 60 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 . The treatments were applied in January 2004. Sixty and 210 days after, the soil was sampled at the 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths. The physical attributes measured were: water dispersible clay, flocculation index, bulk density and total porosity. The water dispersible clay decreased with the increase of the dosage of manure applied; there was an increase in the flocculation index as the manure doses increased. There was a small reduction in soil bulk density and total porosity with the application of manure. The soil physical attributes evaluated were greatly affected by applications of chicken manure in the dose range of 2,666 to 3,750 kg ha -1 .

The zoning of groundwater recharge potential would be attractive for water managers, but is lacking in many regions around the planet, including in the Jequitiba River basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In this study, a physically based spatially distributed method to evaluate groundwater recharge potential at catchment scale was developed and tested in the aforementioned Jequitiba River basin. The data for the test was compiled from institutional sources and implemented in a Geographic Information System. It comprised meteorological, hydrometric, relief, land use, and soil data. The average results resembled the annual recharge calculated by a hydrograph method, which worked as validation method. The spatial variation of recharge highlighted the predominant contribution of flat areas, porous aquifers, and forested regions to groundwater recharge. They also exposed the negative effect of urbanization. In combination, these factors elected the following sectors of the Jequitiba River basin as regions of high recharge potential: the south-southeast part of the headwaters in Prudente de Morais; Sete Lagoas towards the central part of the basin; and the region between Funilândia and Jequitiba, near the Jequitiba river mouth. Some management practices were suggested to improve groundwater recharge. The map of groundwater recharge potential produced in this study is valuable and is therefore proposed as tool for planners in the sustainable use of groundwater and protection of recharge areas.

R E S U M OO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de manejo que emprega práticas de conservação do solo na distribuição do sistema radicular de cafeeiros e na estrutura de dois Latossolos após seis anos de implantação da lavoura na região do Alto São Francisco, MG. Foram abertas três trincheiras aleatórias e longitudinais à linha de plantio (0,70 x 1,50 m) em um Latossolo gibbsítico e em um Latossolo caulinítico ambos sob sistema de manejo do solo que emprega práticas conservacionistas. A avaliação do sistema radicular foi feita pelo método do perfil cultural e análise digital de imagens 2D, com posterior confecção de mapas de superfície das variáveis radiculares analisadas por meio da krigagem. Amostras de solo com estrutura preservada foram coletadas para quantificar a distribuição do diâmetro de poros 3D obtida por tomografia computada de raios-X. As raízes e poros foram classificados em: 1, >1 e ≤ 3 e > 3 mm de diâmetro. O sistema radicular dos cafeeiros de ambos os solos em estudo mesmo sobre o mesmo sistema de manejo apresentaram boa ramificação na direção horizontal e vertical. A maior concentração de raízes ocorreu na profundidade de 0,20-0,34 m no Latossolo caulinítico. No Latossolo gibbsítico, a distribuição radicular foi uniformizada especialmente na direção vertical do perfil do solo atingindo maiores profundidade. A maior ocorrência de raízes finas ocorreu no Latossolo gibsítico na profundidade de 0,80-0,94 m. Spatial distribution of coffee roots and pores of two Latosols under conservationist management A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of management system employing soil conservation practices in the coffee root system distribution and in the structure of two Latosols after six years in the crop establishment in Alto São Francisco Valley, MG. Three random trenches were made lengthwise along the row planting (0.70 x 1.50 m) in a gibbsitic Latosol and a kaolinitc Latosol both under soil management system employing soil conservationist practices. The root system evaluation was done by crop profile methods and 2D image analyze, with subsequent surface mapping of the root variables analyzed by kriging. Intact soil cores were sampled for pore diameter distribution analysed by X-ray CT scan. The roots and pores were classified by diameter:1, > 1 and ≤ 3 and > 3 mm. The coffee root system in both soils under study on the same management system showed good branching in horizontal and vertical direction. The highest root concentration occurred at 0.20-0.34 m depth in kaolinitic Latosol. In gibbsitic Latosol the root distribution was uniform, especially in the vertical soil profile reaching greater depths. The highest occurrence of fine roots in the gibbsitic Latosol occurred at 0.80-0.94 m depth.Palavras-chave: morfologia radicular análise de imagem tomografia computada de raios-X krigagem Coffea arabica L. Key words:roots morphology image analyze X-ray CT scan kriging Coffea arabica L. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e AmbientalCampina Grande, PB, ...

RESUMO:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características bromatológicas de uma pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens fertilizada com dejetos suínos, bem como avaliar as alterações que a utilização desse dejeto causa em alguns atributos químicos do solo. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos: T1: ausência de adubação mineral e orgânica (tratamento--controle); T2 apenas com adubação mineral; T3, T4 e T5 com diferentes doses de dejetos líquidos de suínos (respectivamente ao equivalente a 60; 120 e 180 m 3 por hectare), e T6 tratamento organomineral (120 m 3 por hectare) de dejetos líquidos de suínos, com adição de fertilizante mineral). Observou-se que houve incremento em produtividade de massa seca (MS). O uso de dejetos de suínos resultou em aumento significativo nos valores de proteína bruta das plantas de Brachiaria decumbens, não tendo a mesma eficiência para os valores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e lignina. A aplicação de dejetos suínos aumentou os teores de N, P, Ca e Mg nas plantas de Brachiaria decumbens. Não foram constatadas alterações quando comparados os valores de pH e matéria orgânica do solo. Os dejetos líquidos de suínos podem ser utilizados para fornecer macronutrientes para as forrageiras, desde que com aplicação controlada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:atributos do solo, fertilização de pastagem, resíduos orgânicos, suinocultura. FERTILIZATION WITH SWINE WASTE MANURE : THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN Brachiaria decumbens AND CHANGES IN THE SOILABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of Brachiaria decumbens pastures fertilized with swine manure, as well as evaluating the changes that the utilization of manure causes in some soil chemical properties. The design was randomized blocks with six treatments: T1: absence of mineral and organic fertilizer (control ), T2 : with mineral fertilizer only, T3, T4 and T5 with different doses of swine slurry (respectively equivalent to 60 , 120 and 180 m 3 ha -1 ), T6 organic and mineral mixed treatment (120 m 3 per hectare) of swine slurry added with mineral fertilizer). It was observed that there was an increase in productivity dry matter (DM). The use of swine manure resulted in significant increase in crude protein values of Brachiaria decumbens plants, do not having the same efficiency for Neutral detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid detergent Fiber (ADF) and lignin. The application of manure increased the content of N, P, Ca, Mg in Brachiaria decumbens plants. No changes were observed when comparing the values of pH and soil organic matter. Liquid swine manure can be used to provide macronutrients for the fodder, since with controlled application.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a potential, field-portable wood identification tool. NIRS has been studied as tool to identify some woods but has not been tested for Dalbergia. This study explored the efficacy of hand-held NIRS technology to discriminate, using multivariate analysis, the spectra of some high-value Dalbergia wood species: D. decipularis, D. sissoo, D. stevensonii, D. latifolia, D. retusa, all of which are listed in CITES Appendix II, and D. nigra, which is listed in CITES Appendix I. Identification models developed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modeling by class analogy (SIMCA) were compared regarding their ability to answer two sets of identification questions. The first is the identification of each Dalbergia species among the group of the six above, and the second is the separation of D. nigra from a single group comprising the other species, grouping all Dalbergia as one class. For this latter study, spectra of D. cearensis and D. tucurensis were added to the broader Dalbergia class. These spectra were not included in the first set because the number of specimens was not enough to create an exclusive class for them. PLS-DA presented efficiency rates of over 90% in both situations, while SIMCA presented 52% efficiency at specieslevel separation and 85% efficiency separating D. nigra from other Dalbergia. It was shown that PLS-DA approaches are far better suited than SIMCA for generating a field-deployable NIRS model for discriminating these Dalbergia.

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Soil structure is modify when subjected to the agricultural process, i.e., a new spatial organization of the pores system is formed, with relation to the physical quality of it. Thus the aim of this work was to visualize and quantify, through X-ray CT scan, the pores distribution in an oxidic Latosol submitted to a conservation management system with different gypsum doses. Three random trenches were dug lengthwise along the plant row in a very clayey gibbsitic dystrophic Red Latosol, subjected to the following gypsum levels: G0: absence of gypsum; G7: 7 Mg ha-1 and G28: 28 Mg ha-1 of additional gypsum, applied to the surface of the plant row. Undisturbed soil samples were collected in plexiglass tubes at depths of 0.20-0.34, 0.80-0.94 and 1.50-1.64 m after six years of coffee cultivation for quantification of 3D pores obtained by X-ray CT scan. The spatial variability of the soil structure was evaluated by semivariograms generated by 3D images in grayscale. Distribution of the detectable pore diameter was conducted by data mining. Statistical analyzes employed packages 'geoR' to semivariogram and 'randomForest' for data mining in R language. A greater spatial continuity of the pores occurred in the G7 at the three depths. The combined effects of the management system promoted a greater spatial variability of the soil structure in the G28 treatment. Based on geostatistical analyses, it can be infer that the adoption of the system under study promoted changes in the pore network in all directions (X, Y and Z), however with better pores continuity in the vertical direction(Z).Index terms: X-ray CT scan, spatial pore continuity, pores distribution, coffee crop. RESUMOA estrutura do solo é alterada quando submetida ao processo agrícola, ou seja, uma nova organização espacial do sistema poroso é formada com reflexo na qualidade física do mesmo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, visualizar e quantificar, por meio da tomografia computada de raios-X, a variabilidade na distribuição do diâmetro de poros em Latossolo oxidíco submetido a um sistema de manejo conservacionista que utiliza diferentes doses de gesso. Foram abertas três trincheiras aleatórias e longitudinais à linha de plantio em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico gibbsítico muito argiloso, submetido às seguintes doses de gesso: G0: ausência de gesso; G7: 7 Mg ha -1 e G28: 28 Mg ha -1 de gesso adicional, aplicados na superfície do solo na linha de plantio. Amostras com estrutura preservada foram coletadas em cilindros de acrílico, nas profundidades de 0,20-0,34, 0,80-0,94 e 1,50-1,64 m, após seis anos de cultivo dos cafeeiros ,para quantificação dos poros 3D, detectados pela tomografia computada de raios-X. A variabilidade espacial da estrutura do solo foi avaliada por meio de semivariogramas gerados a partir das imagens 3D na escala de cinza. A distribuição do diâmetro dos poros detectáveis foi feita por meio da mineração de dados. Paras as inferências estatísticas, foram utilizados os pacotes 'geoR' para os semivariogramas e 'randomForest' para...