Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of clinical and subclinical cystoid macular edema in diabetic and non-diabetic patients after cataract surgery by means of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Materials & Methods: A total of 30 eyes of 30 patients (15 diabetic and 15 non-diabetic) aged between 50 and 80 years diagnosed to have cataract were enrolled. Patients were investigated for absence of any evidence of macular edema with OCT before surgery. After undergoing cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with foldable IOL implant, OCT was again carried out at post operative 1st week and 4th week to know the foveal thickness and total macular volume. Similarly distance visual acuity was recorded at post-operative 1st and 4th week on Snellen's visual acuity chart. The comparison was done between visual acuity and OCT readings obtained in non-diabetic and diabetic patients to know the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME). Results: There was no significant change found between foveal thickness measured pre-operatively and post-operatively at 1st and 4th week in diabetic and non-diabetic group but significant increase of total macular volume was found at post operative 4 weeks when compared with baseline in nondiabetic (p=<0.001) and diabetic group (p=0.035). There was a significant correlation found in foveal thickness and visual acuity in diabetic patients at 4th week of surgery. Conclusions: This study has shown a low incidence of subclinical CME. OCT showed increased macular volume in both groups of patients in a small percentage of cases.
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