Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources that are often found around the Indonesia area. It can be converted into various forms of fuel by pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is a process of chemical decomposition of biomass through a heating process at high temperatures that occurs with no or little oxygen. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the type of biomass on the characteristics of syngas, bio oil and carbon charcoal produced in pyrolysis. Syngas consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be used as raw materials for the chemical industry in addition to electrical energy, such as methanol, formic acid and ammonia industries. Bio-oil contains a number of chemical compounds that have the potential as raw materials for preservatives, antioxidants, disinfectants, or as biopesticides. Carbon charcoal is useful as an energy source, activated carbon with higher economic value such as catalysts, adsorbents, and supercapacitors. This research used an experimental method. Biomass comes from fish waste, tamanu waste, and duckweed. The parameters observed were temperature of 400–500 °C, for 30 minutes, and 150 grams biomass, in order to determine the duration of the syngas flame and the amount of bio-oil and carbon charcoal. The syngas produced from duckweed has a longer flame test with a time of 126 seconds with a blue flame while the syngas from tamanu waste produces a reddish blue flame for 18 seconds. On the other hand, the results of the bio-oil produced from fish waste, 19.1 grams are weightier than from duckweed, 3.2 grams. Then the most carbon charcoal is produced by tamanu waste weighing 141.9 grams while the least is produced by duckweed weighing 27.7 grams
One of the problem that faces by local heat exchanger manufactur is testing the heat performance test, because of customized product and facilities. It could be solved by CFD Method.The purpose of this study is to describe the actual prosedure to simulate and analysis thermofluid ini shell and tube system. The procesure of this research are survey, calculating the heat performance test based on general concept of heat transfer, and verify the simulation result.The CFD method results the temperatur of water inlet is 30 oC, water outlet 31 oC, oil inlet 55 oC, and oli outlet 53 oC. The manual calculation based on Kern method results the temperatur of water inlet is 30 oC, water outlet 31 oC, oil inlet 55 oC, and oli outlet 52 oC.Keywords: Shell and tube heat exchanger,CFD , Kern MethodABSTRAKSalah satu kendala manufaktur lokal heat exchanger (HE) adalah tidak dapat melakukan performance test perpindahan panas, karena keterbatasan fasilitas. Kendala ini dapat diatasi dengan metode CFD.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi simulasi dan analisis termofluida pada sistem shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah simulasi berbasis CFD. Proses penelitian dimulai dari pengambilan data di manufaktur lokal STHE, perhitungan kinerja berdasarkan persamaan umum perpindahan panas, simulasi dan analisis kinerja STHE.Perhitungan simulasi menunjukkan temperatur di inlet air sebesar 30oC, temperatur outlet air sebesar 31oC, temperatur inlet oli 55 oC dan temperatur outlet oli 53 oC. Perhitungan metode Kern menghasilkan temperatur di inlet air sebesar 30oC, temperatur outlet air sebesar 31oC, temperatur inlet oli 55 oC dan temperatur outlet oli 52 oC.Kata Kunci : Shell and tube heat exchanger,CFD , metode Kern
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a method of cracking vegetable oils into simpler fractions and green fuel oils. One component of the FCC system is the FCC furnace. The FCC furnace is where the combustion process occurs and provides high heat transfer throughout the FCC system, especially for heating the reactor. The reactor temperature is the catalyst cracking temperature. The cracking temperature of the catalyst depends on the feed oil used in the cracking process, such as crude palm oil at 450‒550 °C or crude bio-oil at 300 °C. The fuel for heating an FCC furnace is usually coal. To reduce coal, we use a mixture of Azolla microphylla biomass with biochar and bio-oil from goat manure. The aim of this study was to analyze the mixture of Azolla microphylla biomass with biochar and bio-oil from goat manure to obtain sufficient furnace temperature to heat the FCC reactor, perform analytical calculations to obtain the volume of flue gas formed from the combustion reaction. We conducted two experiments; the first experiment used a mixture of 1 kg of Goat Manure Biochar (GMBC) with 0.5 kg of Azolla microphylla and the second experiment used a mixture of one kg of GMBC with 0.5 kg of Azolla microphylla plus 300 ml of Goat Manure Bio-oil (GMBO). A fuel mixture of one kilogram GMBC with 0.5 kg Azolla is not effective in combustion because the maximum temperature in the furnace is 177 °C but the fuel mixture of one kg GMBC, 0.5 kg Azolla and 300 ml GMBO has a furnace temperature of 472.75 °C, which can heat the stripper up to 313.25 °C so that cracking can occur in the raw bio-oil. Analysis of combustion results showed an increase in total CO2 volume from experiment one and experiment two of 0.966
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