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Literature has been a medium to express and explore the depths of human life and Truth. This is accurate of Islamic literature that has been produced across the globe over hundreds of years. This paper seeks to highlight key mystical aspects of classical Islamic literature and their relevance to world literature and culture. Mysticism is essentially understood in this context as a set of beliefs and practices that lead to a form of proximity or union with the Divine. The paper explores key manifestations of mysticism in prominent works of Islamic literature by renowned classical figures such as Rumi, Ibn ‘Arabī, ’Al-Ghazālī, Ibn ‘Al-Fāriḍ and Rābi‘ah. These manifestations include prevalent themes such as divine essence and attributes, gnosis and knowledge, the concept of mystical path and divine love. The paper concludes that contemporary Muslim writers and literary commentators have a rich tradition that can be re-examined, revived and matched to renew and rejuvenate the literatures of Muslim nations. Keywords: Islamic literature, Mysticism, Mystical literature, Sufism, Sufi poetry. Abstrak Kesusasteraan merupakan satu medium untuk menzahir dan meneroka kehidupan manusia dan kebenaran. Ini bertepatan dengan kesusasteraan Islam yang terhasil dari seluruh dunia sejak ratusan tahun dahulu. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti aspek tasawuf dalam kesusasteraan Islam klasik dan kaitannya dengan kesusasteraan dan budaya dunia. Tasawuf dalam konteks ini pada asasnya difahami sebagai satu set kepercayaan dan amalan yang membawa kepada suatu bentuk kedekatan atau kesatuan dengan ketuhanan. Makalah ini meneroka manifestasi utama dalam karya-karya kesusasteraan Islam oleh tokoh terkenal seperti Rumi, Ibn 'Arabī,' Al-Ghazali, Ibn 'Al-Fāriḍ dan Rābi'ah. Manifestasi ini termasuk tema lazim seperti intipati dan sifat ketuhanan, gnosis dan pengetahuan, konsep tasawuf dan ketuhanan. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahawa para pengarang Islam kontemporari dan pengulas kesusasteraan telah ditinggalkan dengan tradisi yang kaya untuk dikaji, dihidupkan semula dan dipadankan untuk memperbaharui dan memperkasa kesusasteraan Islam. Kata Kunci: Kesusasteraan Islam, Tasawuf, Persuratan Tasawuf, Sufism, Puisi sufi.
Kahlil Gibran is one of the most important writers of modern Arabic literature and one of the most successful poets of English in the twentieth century. He is undoubtedly a pioneer among Arab poets and novelists writing in English and the most important figure in the Émigré literary movement. His world-wide popularity is due in large part to his universal spiritual message of love and compassion. This study, focusing on both his Arabic and English works, seeks to explore the various contextual aspects that affect all of Gibran’s works since his birth in Mount Lebanon. It also presents a critical overview of all his works for readers and critics that seek a deeper appreciation and a more comprehensive understanding of this literary genius. The study highlights the spiritual element which serves as the link that unifies his Arabic and English works and propels them to enduring literary and popular success across cultures. Keywords: Kahlil Gibran, Āmigré Literature, Diaspora Writers, Spirituality, Perennialism. Abstrak Kahlil Gibran merupakan salah seorang penulis yang tersohor dalam kesusasteraan Arab moden dan salah seorang penyair Inggeris yang berjaya pada abad kedua puluh. Kredibiliti beliau tidak diragukan kerana beliau merupakan perintis dalam kalangan penyair dan novelis Arab yang menulis dalam bahasa Inggeris dan tokoh terpenting dalam gerakan sastera Émigré. Sebahagian besar popularitinya di seluruh dunia adalah disebabkan oleh mesej rohani universal cinta dan belas kasihannya. Kajian ini difokuskan kepada kedua-dua karya Arab dan Inggerisnya untuk meneroka pelbagai aspek kontekstual yang mempengaruhi semua karya Gibran sejak kelahirannya di Gunung Lubnan. Kajian ini juga memberikan gambaran keseluruhan yang kritis mengenai semua karya beliau kepada pembaca dan pengkritik yang mencari penghayatan yang lebih mendalam dan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang kehebatan sastera ini. Kajian ini juga mengenengahkan unsur kerohanian yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung yang menyatukan hasil karya Arab dan Inggerisnya dan mendorong mereka kepada kejayaan sastera dan popular yang berkekalan di seluruh budaya. Kata Kunci: Kahlil Gibran, Sastera Āmigré, Penulis Diaspora, Kerohanian, Perenialisme.
This study aimed to determine the environmental opposites between Arabic and Malay proverbs. It used contrastive descriptive method to analyze similarities and differences in environmental opposites of both proverbs. The data sources used were Arabic and Malay proverbs from various literatures. The results showed that in Malay proverbs, although the stories and events are lost, the words do not deviate far from general proverbs and particularly Arabic proverbs. Arabic and Malay proverbs environments have similar characteristics even though they use quite different word choices.
Émigré writers such as Kahlil Gibran and Mikhail Naimy proved that it is possible to transcend their historical limitations to become leading literary figures. An examination of the historical context of these writers is important for a rich understanding of their works. The themes addressed in such literary works are better appreciated within their cultural environment, and not as objects detached from their times, author and readers[1]. It can be rightfully argued that such works cannot be fully appreciated without delving into the intricacies of the political ideologies and economic crises of previous centuries. This article does not aim to perform such an undertaking, regardless of its literary merit; however, it presents an overview of the historical context surrounding the Émigré literary movement as a product of two cultures bridged by immigration at the turn of the 20th century. This is based on the belief that a profound critical engagement with Émigré works is better achieved with an examination of their historical and literary background. Thus, this article serves as a foundation for profound literary analyses of Émigré works. [1] Payne, 2005 : 3-4, on the importance of a historical context.
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