This chapter addresses the complexity of managing cover crops in selected growing regions of the world. It focuses on the contributions that cover crops can make to weed management and the trade-offs that may be required between achieving weed management, crop production, and environmental benefits. Since cover crops can play a significant role in mitigating environmental impacts worldwide, interactions between weed management and management to enhance environmental protection are emphasized.

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Forms oF InorganIc PhosPhorussummary the cultivation of crops with different capacity of P uptake and use under long-term soil tillage systems can affect the distribution of P cycling and inorganic forms in the soil, as a result of higher or lower use efficiency of P applied in fertilizers. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term cultivation of different winter species under tillage systems on the distribution of inorganic P forms in the soil. In 1986, the experiment was initiated with six winter crops (blue lupin, hairy vetch, oat, oilseed radish, wheat and fallow) on a rhodic hapludox in southwestern Paraná, under no-tillage (nt) and conventional tillage (ct). the application of phosphate fertilizer in nt rows increased inorganic P in the labile and moderately labile forms, and soil disturbance in ct redistributed the applied P in the deeper layers, increasing the moderately labile P concentration in the subsurface layers. Black oat and blue lupin were the most efficient P-recyclers and under nt, they increased the labile P content in the soil surface layers.

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