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Tuberculosis (TB) is an important zoonosis affecting a wide range of hosts. An abattoir study was conducted on 1,536 randomly selected male goats slaughtered at Modjo Modern Export Abattoir to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in slaughtered goats. Carcasses and organs of all the study animals were first examined by routine meat inspection followed by detailed meat inspection. Samples from tuberculous lesions were cultured for mycobacterial isolation and identification. Histopathology was done on 31 samples with tuberculous lesions. Detailed meat inspection detected 65 (4.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.3-5.4%) tuberculous lesions. From these, 20 (30.8%) samples were confirmed mycobacterium positive on culture, out of which 18 were Mycobacterium bovis and two were Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Routine meat inspection failed to detect tuberculous lesions in 23% of carcasses with TB lesions detected by detailed examination. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between both methods in detecting tuberculous lesions (Kappa = 0.87). Origin and age of the goats did not statistically affect the disease prevalence (P > 0.05). Histopathologic lesions were observed in 21 samples (68%; 95% CI = 50.1-81.4%) out of the 31 carcasses with gross tuberculous lesions examined by histopathology. Eighteen (58%) tuberculous samples positive for histopathology were also culture positive. The sensitivity and specificity of histopathology were 90% (95% CI = 76.9-100%) and 72.7% (95% CI = 46.4-99%), respectively, using culture as a reference test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of caprine tuberculosis from Ethiopia. Further studies are required at the farm level to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in the general goat population.

Contamination rate of Ethiopian paper currency notes handled by various food handlers with Escherichia coli and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed. A total of 384 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) notes were randomly sampled from meat handlers at butchers, bread and the related food handlers at cafeteria, fruit and vegetables handlers at supermarket, and milk sellers both at open market and dairy station. Fifty control new currencies were also sampled from Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Both surfaces of the currency were swabbed using wet sterile cotton. The swab was overnight incubated in buffered peptone water. A loop full was streaked on eosin methylene blue agar and followed by biochemical test on presumptive E. coli colonies. Randomly selected isolates were exposed to chloramphenicol (C-30 µg), neomycin (N-30 µg), oxytetracycline (OT-30 µg), polymyxin-B (PB-300 IU) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT-1.25/23.75/µg) susceptibility using disc diffusion techniques. E. coli was not isolated from currency used as control. A total of 288 (75 %) currency notes were found carrying E. coli. E. coli prevalence was ranges from 67.2 % at open market milk sellers to 87.2 % at dairy station milk sellers; from 64.8 % on ETB 100 to 82.9 % on ETB 1. Differences were not observed in E. coli prevalence on currency notes from among almost all food handlers (P > 0.05). Susceptibility of tested isolates to each chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 100 %, and to polymyxin-B was 97.3 %. High resistance (83.7 %) was observed to neomycin. The finding indicates, contaminated food can be a source of E. coli for further contamination of currency which again transfer through various foods ready for consumption.

Introduction: Salmonella has been reported from foods and the food production environment, with outbreaks occurring in the human population worldwide. Methodology: A survey on Salmonella in two beef production lines (a beef abattoir line and a processing line) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia was conducted, with a total of 668 various samples randomly collected from animal-related materials, the environment, and a beef product (mortadella). Results: Overall, a 12.9% prevalence (26.3% from the abattoir line, 5.3% from the processing plant line) was observed. The prevalence in the abattoir line environment (36.6%) was higher than that in animal-related samples (14.7%); the reverse was true for the processing plant line. Out of 86 isolates, 10 serovars were identified, and 8 remained unidentified. The predominant serotypes were S. Saintpaul (32.5%), S. Muenchen (19.8%), and S. Larochelle (12.8%). S. Kastrup and S. London were isolated for the first time in Ethiopia. Conclusions: Data indicate open ports of entry for Salmonella, with possible transfer along the line. Further investigations from farm to fork are recommended in order to identify these positions of entry.

A metacestode stage (bovine cysticercosis) and adult stage Taenia saginata, accounted for zoonotic and economic losses from organ contamination and treatment cost. The objective of this paper is to assess the spatiotemporal distribution and economic loss from bovine cysticercosis and human taeniasis with treatment approach in different parts of Ethiopia. All available published research articles from Ethiopia on the disease were collected. The data were assessed using the current regional administrative, the locality and chronology of the reports for prevalence and economic loss with treatment trend. Prevalence ranging from 1.9% at Addis Ababa City to as high as of 26.3% Hawasa-SNNPR using postmortem examination. However, one study confirmed 92.7% of 41 isolates as bovine cysticercosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Teaniasis was ranged from 7.8% in Modjo-Oromia to as high as 89.4% in Addis Ababa City. Except for 17.9% at Addis Ababa City, 29.0% at Mekele-Tigray and 19.0% at Halaba Kulito –SNNPR teaniasis in Ethiopia were greater than 30% over 2001–2018 years. Questionnaire survey and retrospective data were the major tools used for teaniasis reporting either pharmaceutical and/or traditional (herbs) medicines were used for teaniasis treatments. Niclosamide, mebendazole and praziquantel were pharmaceutical teaniacidal drugs used in Ethiopia until the years of 2009, uses of albendazole begins from 2011 to date (2018 year). Hagenica abyssinia “Kosso/Heto” flowers is still widely used in Ethiopia in that it contains Kosso-toxin, closely related to folic acid, are responsible for some cases of hepatic carcinoma and blindness. Only few data (reports) were available on spatiotemporal economic loss associated with bovine cysticercosis and Taenia saginata in Ethiopia showing an overall 4,052,278.16 ETB (212,202.76 USD) from five reports. Highest economic loss (88,500.00 USD) was registered at Yirgalem-SNNPR [2005–2009]. Study at Kombolcha-Amhara region during 2016 accounted 1,841,311.00ETB (73,652.44 USD) from C. bovis and teaniasis treatment cost. Total cost for the used pharmaceutical drugs accounted 921,112.00ETB over 2005–2016. The maximum drug expenditure was reported during the year 2013. Thus, bovine cysticercosis and Taenia saginata in Ethiopia indicating the health and economic challenges. It needs to Taenia saginata cycle interruption via stopping human open defecation with assessing the dynamics of the disease in the country.