Metal(II) coordination compounds of glycine and phenylalanine were synthesized and characterized using infrared and electronic spectroscopic, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The complexes were tested for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Candida albicans. The stoichiometric reaction between the metal (II) ions and ligands in molar ratio M:L (1:3) [where M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Cd; L= glycine; phenylalanine] resulted in the formation of five-coordinate square pyramidal dinuclear geometry for both copper complexes and six-coordinate octahedral geometry for the other complexes. The spectroscopic and magnetic moment data suggested that the ligands coordinated via both their amino and carboxylate ion moieties. The complexes demonstrated better activities against one or more of the tested microbes than acriflavine, the standard drug used.
Eugenia uniflora is used ethnomedicinally in Nigeria for diseases including malaria and in Brazil the leaves are spread on the floor for its insect-repellent activity. Search for plants useful in the control of vector of Dengue fever, necessitated investigation of the activity of E. uniflora leaf against fourth instars larvae of Aedes aegyptii, using bioactivity guided fractionation. Larvicidal activity (LC 50 2.74 and 2.18 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h) of the leaf methanolic extract, comparable (p > 0.05) to Endosulphan (LC 50 0.93 and 0.90 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h), was concentrated in the nhexane partition fraction (LC 50 2.58 and 1.87 mg/ml at 24 and 48 h). Vacuum liquid chromatography of n-hexane fraction gave fifth and sixth bulked fractions with significantly (p < 0.05) higher larvicidal activities. Column chromatography of these combined fractions yielded first and third subfractions with LC 50 1.01 and 1.17 mg/ml at 24 h, respectively and activities that were similar (p > 0.05) to that of Endosulphan and better than their mother fractions. The results established the larvicidal activity of E. uniflora leaf and encouraged further development of these fractions as alternative larvicide in the control of Dengue fever, especially among the rural populations of Africa.
Eugenia uniflora, used ethnomedically in some tropical countries as an anti-infective, has shown anti-malarial and antitrypanocidal activities. Therefore using bioactivity guided fractionation, anti-trichomonal activity of E. uniflora leaf was investigated. Anti-trichomonal activities of leaf methanol extract and its fractions against Trichomonas gallinae as well as their cytotoxicities using an in vitro haemaglutination assay were determined. Anti-trichomonacidal activities of the extract improved on purification up to a stage. Subfractions E 2-5 had LC 50 and LC 90 values of 4.77 -5.28, 18.49 -25.00 and 4.53 -5.18, 18.32 -19.07 μg/ml at 24 and 48 hrs, respectively that were better than those of metronidazole. Further purification of E 2-5 led to loss of activity suggesting that the active components were probably working synergistically and additively. Demonstration of low haemaglutination titre values of 0.00 -5.33 by methanolic extract and its partition fractions suggested their low toxicity profile. The established safety of the leaf indicated that its anti-trichomonal activity was not due to non-specific cytotoxicity, hence could be used in ethnomedicine as an anti-trichomonal agent.
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