Under the groundswell of calls for the industrialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), wide-bandgap (>1.7 eV) mixed halide perovskites are equally or more appealing in comparison with typical bandgap perovskites when the former's various potential applications are taken into account. In this review, the progress of wide-bandgap organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs-concentrating on the compositional space, optimization strategies, and device performance-are summarized and the issues of phase segregation and voltage loss are assessed. Then, the diverse applications of wide-bandgap PSCs in semitransparent devices, indoor photovoltaics, and various multijunction tandem devices are discussed and their challenges and perspectives are evaluated. Finally, the authors conclude with an outlook for the future development of wide-bandgap PSCs.
Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have captured a host of researchers' attention due to their unique properties, which have been introduced to lots of optoelectronics areas, such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and solar cells. Herein, the authors aim at reviewing the achievements of PQDs applied to solar cells in recent years. The engineering concerning surface ligands, additives, and hybrid composition for PQDSCs is outlined first, followed by analyzing the reasons of undesired performance of PQDSCs. Subsequently, a novel overview that PQDs are utilized to improve the photovoltaic performance of various kinds of solar cells, is provided. Finally, this review is summarized and some challenges and perspectives concerning PQDs are also discussed.
Just over a decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been emerged as a next‐generation photovoltaic technology due to their skyrocketing power conversion efficiency (PCE), low cost, and easy manufacturing techniques compared to Si solar cells. Several methods and procedures have been developed to fabricate high‐quality perovskite films to improve the scalability and commercialize PSCs. Recently, several printing technologies such as blade‐coating, slot‐die coating, spray coating, flexographic printing, gravure printing, screen printing, and inkjet printing have been found to be very effective in controlling film formation and improving the PCE of over 21%. This review summarizes the intensive research efforts given for these printing techniques to scale up the perovskite films as well as the hole transport layer (HTL), the electron transport layer (ETL), and electrodes for PSCs. In the end, this review presents a description of the future research scope to overcome the challenges being faced in the printing techniques for the commercialization of PSCs.
High density vertically aligned Porous Silicon NanoWires (PSiNWs) were fabricated on silicon substrate using metal assisted chemical etching process. A linear dependency of nanowire length to the etching time was obtained and the change in the growth rate of PSiNWs by increasing etching durations was shown. A typical 2D bright-field TEM image used for volume reconstruction of the sample shows the pores size varying from 10 to 50 nm. Furthermore, reflectivity measurements show that the 35% reflectivity of the starting silicon wafer drops to 0.1%, recorded for more than 10 m long PSiNWs. Models based on cone shape of nanowires located in a circular and rectangular bases were used to calculate the reflectance employing the Transfert Matrix Formalism (TMF) of the PSiNWs layer. Using TMF, the Bruggeman model was used to calculate the refractive index of PSiNWs layer. The calculated reflectance using circular cone shape fits better the measured reflectance for PSiNWs. The remarkable decrease in optical reflectivity indicates that PSiNWs is a good antireflective layer and have a great potential to be utilized in radial or coaxial p-n heterojunction solar cells that could provide orthogonal photon absorption and enhanced carrier collection.
Organic−inorganic Pb-based halide perovskite photoelectrical materials, especially perovskite solar cells (PSCs), have attracted attention due to the significant efforts in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to above 25%. However, the stability issue of the PSCs restricts their further development for commercialization. Strategies are designed to keep moisture and oxygen out of the perovskite films, such as additive, surface passivation, and solvent engineering; however, usually, the corrosion of active films by the residual solvent is mostly ignored. Solvent residue is the paramount factor influencing the stability of the perovskite film prepared by the solution method, and most solvents can be easily absorbed and accelerate the perovskite film decomposition. Here, we studied the residual solvent effect on two kinds of perovskite films obtained by different annealing processes: hot air annealing and hot bench annealing. Several detection techniques were used to study the performance of two different annealing methods, including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The perovskite film obtained by hot air annealing shows less residual solvent and better device performance than the hot bench annealing method. This method is expected to provide insight into reducing solvent residue to improve the stability of the PSCs, especially for future commercialization.
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