Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem that is associated with psychological, as well as physical, complications particularly depression. Depression is well-known to be prevalent among diabetic patients and to be associated with poor glycemic control, poor adherence to medication, increased diabetic complication and higher risk of mortality. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence rate of depression among diabetic patients in primary health care units and diabetic centers at Makkah city-Saudi Arabia, and to explore the associated factors that co-exist with depression among diabetic patients. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 382 diabetic patients (both type I and II) recruited from diabetic centers at Al-Noor hospital, Hera'a hospital, and East of Al-aziziah hospital in Makkah, KSA. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire including demographic variables and the Arabic translation of Patient health questionnaire the Tunisian version (PHQ-9). The data collected were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Results: After data analysis of the 382 participants 43.19% were males and 56.81% were females, with a mean age of 50.28±11.43 years. The prevalence of depression was 20.68%, with 12.83%, 7.07%, and 0.79% having moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. Hypertension, duration of hypertension, number of co-morbidities, and high education level were significantly associated with depression (p=0.0111, 0.0029, 0.0491, and 0.0158, respectively). The odd's ratio of number of co-morbidities was 1.565 (p=0.0039). Conclusions: Depression and suicidality are prevalent among diabetic patients in Makkah. When diabetes co-exists with hypertension and/or other comorbid illnesses the prevalent doubles. Hypertension, increased number of associated co-morbidities, and high educational level are significantly associated with depression in diabetic patients.
Woodhouse Sakati syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by neuropsychological, endocrinal, and ectodermal symptoms. We report a 52-year-old Saudi female with psychosis, extrapyramidal signs, sensorineural hearing loss, diabetes, hypothyroidism, amenorrhea, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, absence of secondary sexual characters, and alopecia totalis. Her brain computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral basal ganglia calcification and her genetic testing confirmed homozygous single nucleotide deletion (C.436delC) of frameshift mutation (p.A147HfsX9) in exon 4 of the gene DCAF17 gene. Woodhouse Sakati syndrome seems to be more prevalent, and probably underdiagnosed, in the Middle East and Arab countries, and should be considered in patients with a combination of neurological and endocrinal dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported to have psychotic symptoms.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.