Aim: The study evaluates the phytochemical screening, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out for six months in 2020 in Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Basic Sciences, Lagos State University of Science and Technology (LASUSTECH), Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. Methodology: The phytochemical screening, GC-MS and AAS were determined using standard methods. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using standard procedures. Results: The aqueous and methanolic extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome showed the presence of phytochemicals like tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, reducing sugar and saponin. Mineral composition analysis shows that the plant contains Na, Ca, Mg, K and Fe. Nineteen compounds were identified using GC-MS analysis of turmeric with a R-Turmerone being the most abundant with peak area of 50.05%. The results revealed that at 250 and 500 mg/mL for both aqueous and methanolic root extract of C. longa were sensitive to both organism, with zone of inhibition of 22.29±2.35, 29.56±2.23, 21.79±1.04 and 29.95±1.83 against E. coli and 22.31±1.59, 28.67±1.42, 22.96±0.96 and 30.13±1.94mm against S. aureus respectively. Azithromycin has zone of inhibition values that ranges from 19.35±1.02 to 32.03±1.23 mm for both organisms tested at 12.50 and 25.00 mg/mL respectively. E. coli and S. aureus were susceptible to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, roceplin, and streptomycin and resistant to chloramphenicol and septrin for only S. aureus. The MIC of the aqueous and methanolic root extract of turmeric on E. coli and S. aureus were 62.50, 31.25, 31.250 and 15.625 mg/mL while their MBC values were 250.00, 62.500, 62.500 and 31.2500 mg/ml respectively. MBC/MIC values show that both extracts had bactericidal effects. Conclusions: Curcuma longa has essential minerals, phytochemicals, antibacterial activity and may prevent pathogenic diseases caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Background of Study: Onion (Allium cepa) plant has been used for multiple purposes both for modern and traditional medicine. The study evaluates the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antibacterial activities of aqueous red onion (Allium cepa) and azithromycin solution against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methodology: The AAS, GC-MS and phytochemical screening of the aqueous red onion (Allium cepa) extract were determined using standard procedures. Antibacterial activities were determined by agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations were determined using standard procedure. Results: Mineral analysis shows that the minerals that were found in the red onion are: Na, Mg, Fe, Ca, K, Al and Cu. Aqueous extract of Allium cepa shows the presence of secondary metabolites like: saponin, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugar, steroids etc. 56 compounds were identified using GC-MS analysis with 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- being the most abundant with peak area of 50.50% and retention time of 16.563. The results revealed that aqueous A. cepa extract with concentration of 250 mg/ml showed strong response against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition of 22.67±1.585 and 28.18±1.689 respectively. At 100 mg/ml, the onion extract exhibited weak and moderate response against both organisms. The azithromycin solution has zone of inhibition values that ranges from 9.25 ± 0.73 to 20.03 ± 1.16 mm for both organisms tested at 5.00 and 20.00 mg/mL respectively. The MIC values of the azithromycin solution and aqueous red onion extract for S. aureus and E. coli were 31.25, 31.25, 500 and 250 mg/mL while their MBC values were 62.50, 62.50, 1000.00 and 500.00 mg/ml respectively. MBC/MIC values indicate that azithromycin solution and aqueous red onion extract had bactericidal effects on both organisms tested. The red onion has potential as natural therapeutic agents and may prevent pathogenic diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
The study investigates the phytochemistry, Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), atomic Absorbtion spectroscopy (AAS) and antidiabetic activities of aqueous ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract in diabetic alloxan-induced Wistar rats. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, GC-MS, AAS and antidiabetic properties of the aqueous ginger extract were determined using standard procedures. Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous ginger extract shows that the extract contains tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, simple phenolic, glycosides, carbohydrates, reducing sugar and steroids. The GC-MS study of the aqueous Zingiber officinale extract revealed the presence of eleven different compounds with 1,3-Cyclohexadiene, 5-(1,5-dimethy 4-hexenyl)-2-methyl-, [S-(R*,S*)]-been the most abundant with peak area of 33.98%. The AAS analysis shows that ginger contain: Ca, Na, Fe, K, P and Zn minerals. Twenty five (25) Wistar rats were grouped into 5 groups and investigated for antidiabetic study for a period of 15 days. Group A and B animals were normal and negative control respectively. Group B rats were induced with alloxan and not treated with drugs or extract. Animals in other groups (C, D and E rats) were diabetic and treated with standard drug (glibenclamide with concentration of 10 mg/kg), 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous ginger extract respectively. The group of rats treated with 10, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide and aqueous ginger extract showed significant reduction (p<0.0001) in the level of blood sugar level when compared to group B animals. There were significant reduction (p<0.0001) in plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoproteincholesterol and an increase in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and body weight in the treated rats compared to the untreated group B rats.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.