Electronic health is one of the most popular applications of information and communication technologies and it has contributed immensely to health delivery through the provision of quality health service and ubiquitous access at a lower cost. Even though this mode of health service is increasingly becoming known or used in developing nations, these countries are faced with a myriad of challenges when implementing and deploying e-health services on both small and large scale. It is estimated that the Africa population alone carries the highest percentage of the world’s global diseases despite its certain level of e-health adoption. This paper aims at analyzing the progress so far and the current state of e-health in developing countries particularly Africa and propose a framework for further improvement.
Cryptography has been widely accepted for security and partly for privacy control as discovered from past works. However, many of these works did not provide a way to manage cryptographic keys effectively especially in EHR applications, as this is the Achilles heel of cryptographic techniques currently proposed. The issue of accountability for legitimate users also has not been so popular and only a few considered it in EHR. Unless a different approach is used, the reliant on cryptography and password or escrow based system for key management will impede trust of the system and hence its acceptability. Also users with right access should also be monitored without affecting the clinician workflow. This paper presents a detailed review of some selected recent approaches to ensuring security, privacy and accountability in EHR and gaps for future research were also identified.
General TermsSecurity, eHealth
In this study, an electronic referral system was developed for general practitioners to send referrals electronically to providers. The electronic referral system aims at improving referral decisions by involving patients in the process. A database of hospital services in Lagos metropolis was developed and hospitals distance information were retrieved and computed using Google map. A provider selection model that uses a multi-attribute decision making function was adapted and implemented. The provider selection model selects optimal provider based on patients and providers determinants which contained fourteen criteria for referral decision. In the system's output, hospitals were ranked by computing the average between provider and patient feedback factors, this differs from existing systems as the implemented system shows how introduction of patient participation can affect recommended hospitals. In conclusion, the result of this work is expected to improve referral decision support and patient participation.
The importance of students’ involvement in classroom and non-classroom university courses cannot be overemphasized in the process of learning. But, students for several reasons must be motivated to enhance their continuous participation, especially in non-classroom courses. Landmark University is an agrarian-based institution and students are expected to actively take part in at least one agricultural course irrespective of their specializations. Students commitments to Farm Practice courses are core to graduation despite many students not meeting the expected level of dedication early. Gamification is the process of using game strategies and techniques to actively engage and motivate audiences and to solve problems. Using a database of agricultural resources from Landmark University Teaching and Research Farm, a prototype for a gamified mobile app for engaging students in Farm Practice is developed. Game features such as point, leaderboard, and scoresheet were embedded. The application performance was evaluated by a total of fifty students and 70% of the students claimed that their interests in Farm Practice were positively affected after using the app for the first time.
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